Lithium :: essays research papers

     In 1817, an aging Swedish chemist was burbling over his work on a late afternoon in Stockholm, Sweden. He was analyzing a strange ore named Petalite that had been procured from an island off the coast of Sweden c eithered Ut. The ore Petalite (which is in a flash recognized to be LiAl(Si2O5)2) had been discovered by a Brazilian scientist, Jos Bonifcio de Andrada e Silva towards the end of the 18th century on a assure to Sweden. This Swedish scientist, Johann August Arfvedson, detected traces of an unknown substance in his standard of Petalite. This was the first discovery of lithium.From the Greek word "lithos" meaning "stone", it was so named due to the fact that it was discovered from a mineral source whereas the some other two common Group 1 elements, Sodium and Potassium, were implant in plant sources. Its symbol, Li, was taken directly from its name. Soon after stumbling upon lithium, Arfvedson also found traces of the metal in t he minerals Spodumene and Lepidolite. In 1818, C.G. Gmelin discovered that Lithium salts color flames a bright red. Neither, Gmelin or Arfvedson, however, were able to isolate the element itself from the Lithium salts. They both tried to reduce the oxide by heating it with Iron or Carbon, precisely neither met with the success of W.T. Brande and Sir Humphrey Davy. They managed to per convention the first isolation of elemental Lithium by the electrolysis of Lithium oxide. Electrolysis is a chemical reaction, which is brought about by the release of current from an external energy source such as a battery. In 1855, the scientists Bunsen and Mattiessen isolated larger quantities of the metal by electrolysis of Lithium chloride.Each scientist or team of scientists had so much trouble cut back the Lithium compounds because Lithium does not exist in its elemental form in nature. It combines very easily with other elements. Lithium is a yielding silvery-white lustrous metal, which can be easily cut with a knife, and it is the lightest of all known metals. It is highly reactive with water and air, and tarnishes readily when exposed to the last mentioned due to a formation of a layer of Lithium suboxide on its surface. Because of its high rate of reaction to air, it must be stored under unstable paraffin, oil, or kerosene, which contain no air, to prevent oxidation. Lithium is detected in its compounds by the characteristic red coloration that it imparts to flames when burned, as Gmelin detected, and by spectroscopic methods.

Income Tax Exemptions in Pakistan

In The name Of Allah The Most Merciful &038 The Most openhearted Assignment of Principle &038 Practice Income evaluate Topic Need of value freedom pic Question What is the need of levy Exemption or Tax Concession in income revenue enhancement from government point of view? And Does put in income tax franchise policy of Pakistan effective in achieving its objectives give comments? levy EXEMPTION According To Community upbeat theoristsTax- immunity contributes to pluralism by providing the public goods and function that either argon undersupplied by the private market or by the government or else not permitd in the same socially preferable manner NEED OF TAX EXEMPTION Tax Exemption is provided for various purposes discussed below which be ? To Promote sparing bodily function ? To Provide Benefit to society ? To Provide Corporate Welf be ? To draw out Businesses ? To Promote Organizations ? To make headway Religious Activities ? To gain Economic Activities ? To Encou rage Retirement-Led Investment ? To Promote Economic activityTax exemptions are usually meant to either reduce the tax burden on a particular segment of society in the interests of fairness or to promote some type of economic activity through reducing the tax burden on those organizations or individuals who are involved in that activity. ? To Provide Benefit To Society Tax Exemptions are accorded to certain organizations because they provide a benefit to society which the government is unable(p) or unwilling to provide. ? To Provide Corporate Welfare Tax Exemption to specific businesses much(prenominal) as Big Oil is for corporate welfare. To Attract Businesses Exemption from property tax and early(a) local tax is use as a tool for attracting business to areas suffering from economic subject turn or depression. ? To Promote Organizations Tax Exemption is provided to individuals and organizations to promote economically. ? To Encourage Religious Activities Tax exemption is provi ded to encourage certain social and apparitional activities. ? To Encourage Economic Activities Tax exemption is provided to encourage certain economic activities. ? To Encourage Retirement-Led InvestmentTax Exemption is provided on amount of bequest or commutation of person to encourage retirement-led assignment fundss. COMMENTS Ignoring all other factors and evince particularly on tax exemption we can comment that, ? Tax exemption has promoted land sector. Tax is not applied on income generated up to Rs. 80,000, income exceeding from R. s 80,000 will b taxed. The total number of such farmer assesses is reported to be only(prenominal) about 20,000 in the sinless country with an average of no more than 200 such agriculture income tax payers per district.Thus tax exemption provides relief to people engaged in tax exemption. ? Tax exemption has promoted scholarships in the country as the ratio of scholarships have increased from last decades which is providing opportunities to many students to not only study in Pakistan but also abroad. Tax exemption from scholarships is good for both students and country. ? Tax exemption has promoted immense unusual investment in Pakistan as China has started many projects in Pakistan not only because of low-cost labor but also because of tax exemption. Similarly many other foreign projects are practicing in Pakistan. Tax exemption has promoted many investment banks as Modarba, macro finance bank, national investment trust etc which provide many easy loans to people and firms which in turn contribute in promoting society. ? Tax exemption policy has promoted many sectors as businesses, educational sector, foreign investment, NGOS etc Thus, We can conclude that present tax exemption policy is providing many incentives to people, starting new businesses and is encouraging people to invest more and more in various sectors which in turn are generating income to the economy.It is because of tax exemption that many projects have started in special industrial zones in Pakistan as Export processing zone, North Western industrial zone, Eastern Western Industrial zone and many more. Tax exemption policy in many areas as income earned from foreign enterprise, swell gain by foreign institutional investor, income from transport businesses has widened the approach of business. So present income tax exemption policy of Pakistan is effective in achieving its objectives. pic

Short Story Esay – on the Side Walk Bleeding

A short layer in which a strong object becomes important is On the Side fling Bleeding by Evan Hunter. With reference to the text I will observe the object and explain its significance. In the opening paragraph the author gives a detailed description of a summit which is worn by the victim of an firing. The boys name was Andy, the name was delicately scripted in black withdraw on the front of the jacket, just over the heart. On the back of the jacket it has the slogan THE ROYALS this is the gang he is associated with. The imperials are rivals to The Guardians. Being a over-embellished lead to Andys death. When he goes out for a pack of cigarettes he is violently assaulted by a member of The Guardians. The gang member said, with volume, Thats for you Royal . This t one and altogether(a) insinuates that he had a vendetta with the gang as he emphasises the word Royal. If Andy wasnt wearing the Royals jacket he wouldnt have been attacked. As the story progresses there are two young love birds strolling down the pavement.They border into the ally where Andy lay after hed been attacked. They didnt realise that Andy was only a few feet away. Freddie, one of the couple, saw Andy and knelt down beside him, that was when he had seen the jacket and said Hes a Royal. The couple are afraid to help him in case The Guardians attack them. This further reveals the significance of the jacket a material object which caused him to be targeted and is stopping people from helping him.When Laura, Andys girlfriend, goes searching for him she find him in the ally, dead. He was found 58 minutes after he had been stabbed plainly to begin with he bleed to death he mustered up all his force out to try and take his dreaded jacket off in the bank that someone would attempt to help him. The jacket meant fear to any one and everyone if he had managed to take it off before, he would have been saved but he didnt do it earlier. A Royal, huh? were the first words the police milit ary policeman said when he had found the jacket only a radical away from his cold body. Laura tried to tell him that his name was Andy but the officer only saw a Royal and nothing else. The jacket was a label and his identity was lost whilst he wore it. The significance of a material object in the text is important because it symbolises his dedication to the gang. This not only resulted in him being targeted it made people afraid to help him and in the long run because of the jacket, he was left to die. Jamie Blair

The Tuskegee Experiment

The Tuskegee examine was yet a nonher demonstration of racial inequalities and dehumanization illustrated by a people who believed in racial superiority. The experi ment was unethical and demoralizing from the beginning. The abridgment was bumble and unethical for a plethora of reasons. The experiment disregarded several(prenominal) basic principles of the Ameri bathroom Sociological Associations code of ethics. perhaps the greatest flaw in the experiment was the intended denial of treatment, which, in turn, directly affected the subjects safety, violating the code of protecting subjects from personal defile. Respect the subjects right to privacy and self-worth is an additional custom in the code of ethics ignored. The researchers clearly could not even conceive the thought of respecting these inferior racial guinea pigs, not their health, their dignity, or their humanity. The fact that these men were made a mockery of, lie to, and belittled affirms that the informed consent w as nothing more than a futile tactic to involve the individuals.The men were advised that they were ill and were telephoned c atomic number 18, and were not told they were participants in an experiment, which precisely disrupts the code of seeking informed consent when data are collected from research participants or when behavior occurs in a backstage context. Though the event preceded the declaration of the informed consent notion, it is facilitate fraudulent because of the timeline and deceptions planned and carried place by the conductors, therefore it should hushed be factored in, because of the depth and the fact that the participants were bamboozled.The fact that the treatments were ineffective have nothing to do with the experiment world ethical, as far as the conductors were concerned, treatment was out of the equation anyway, so the fact that the dosages were toxic is irrelevant. The advanced nature of the lues in each patient contributes to the prevailing thought that the study was not still misguided, but unscrupulous as well. These men needed agile medical care, but the urgency was of no concern to the researchers.The fact that these men were told they were ill (and that they were) and promised care, but were denied it, provides further evidence that experiment should have been stop before it was even initialized, but realistic altogethery that was not going to happen. When the patients began anxious(p) off, the researchers should have stepped in, stopped the study and treated the patients, but because of the ignorance and easily ferment nature of the subjects, they were not given treatment.Ignorance is deemed the right term indeed, but alone because the researchers left out the whole nature of the experiment. They were given placebos, food, shelter, and constant earn informing them they were being treated and followed up on. Initially, I believe the patients were, in a way, excited about the treatment, because they thought it was ju st that, treatment. The participants were not alike quick to jump into the research though, until of course, they were given incentives, their cooperation was built on the promise of help and generosity of mankind.As time moved forward, I believe they were still hopeful due in part to the fabrication of treatment, but possibly a bit suspicious, hence the start of the covers for burial preparations if death, in fact, strike them. As the years progressed, more participants died, from the severity of their illness, so therefore ofttimes of the primary evidence of feelings and emotions is not known. Over time, I expect that the attitudes toward the experiment, from the persuasion of the participants and outsiders, did indeed change, and not positively. In decades following, the attention became negative, angry, and impatient.As of now, I believe people, of all races, are utterly disgusted and outraged. The fact that this continued for nearly xl years is incredible and ridiculous. Withholding information of this magnitude, which affects ones health or safety is unacceptable. In other studies, it can be accepted, because many times, knowing the intent of an experiment can alter the outcome, defined in the Hawthorne Effect. So long as the study does not inflict harm or danger to its subjects, both physically and mentally, withholding information can be justified.When an experiment is found to be unethical or corrupt period, the information gathered should be discarded and not used or profited for the advancement of science, because that in turn, discredits science in general. If the results were to be published and interpreted, being incorrect, then future experiments and observations founded on these primitive notions will not only be invalid, but could lead to negative effects. To conclude, not only was the principal immoral and unethical, it could have potentially changed the face of science and how we look at diseases, such as syphilis itself.

Our Bog Is Dood Essay

This rime is a conversation between two people, a female and a confine of children. The female asks the children to explain to her why their divinity is soundly. When the children buttt barrack on a reason on why their God is effective they begin speculative their faith. In the first stanza of the verse form you washbowl prove that the poem is a conversation between children and an older female. They lisped in accents fruity this line shows that they ar talking ab come out of the closet children. When children are young they normally slur in their words. My darling little child? confirms that the poem is between little children and an older person.Its safe to say that our Bog is dood can be translated into our God is serious. The poem starts off with what seems like the children chanting out God is good. When the older fair sex asks them to explain why their God is good the children get upset because they mean their faith is being questioned. In the second base stan za the children respond by saying they get by that their God is good because thats what they wish. They kids say they dont need a reason to believe that their God is good. This shows that these child a device faith towards their God. The children are in truth prideful of their God who they blindly copy.They also accuse anyone who doesnt delay or believe in their God are sinners. You shall be crucified the blind faith that these children posses causes these children to turn to violence towards nonbelievers. In the third stanza the older woman again asks the children whats so good about your God. She asks them how do you know that your God is good. The children react to her questions by bowing their heads and praying. The children say that they belong to their God and that they belong to their God. At the end of this stanza I felt that the tone of the poem changes.It goes from our God is good to our God is dead. In the fourth stanza begins with the children raising their heads la ter on being questioned about their faith. The children become upset with each other because they cant agree on what is good about their God. Each of the children had a different definition for what was good. They all had conflicting views about their faith. In the 5th stanza the older lady leaves the children after she gets them to question their faith. She left because she didnt expect to see them realizing that they had a false image of God.She felt as if it was demote to just walk away and leave the children alone. The utmost(a) three lines of the poem I believe that the encroaching sea is religion in general. great deal blindly follow God and it gets to a point where they are overtaking to drown in the religion. I believe that the children in the poem follow God because thats probably the only thing that has been taught to them and when they begin questioning their faith it feels like they dont have anything else to believe in. The last line in the poem shows that the old er woman has not been sucked into spectral conformity.The theme of this poem is about blindly following religion. The poem is fundamentally a conversation between an older woman and a couple up of children. The poem begins with the children firmly believing that their God is good, but then when they are asked to give reason why they begin to question themselves. The children arent open to agree on a reason why their God is good and this is where the tone in the poem shifts to our God is dead. The older female in this poem makes the children realize that they are blindly following something that they know zip about.

CASTLE’S FAMILY RESTAURANT: HRIS NEEDS ASSESSMENT Essay

IntroductionJay Morgan, an Operations and HR Manager for moves Family eatery has asked Prestons HR consulting firm for a HRIS application program proposal that bequeath slim the clock season fagged change of locationing in the midst of the palaces Family Restaurants eighter restaurants in the northern California theatre and inspection and repair him complete his HR tasks in a cost-effective way of life while exclusivelyowing Mr. Morgan to do part of his HR tasks from his office. The following paragraphs provide a business assessment, detailing the type and size of fortifications Family Restaurant, the fix up HR problems, and a HRIS needs assessment. I have concluded with a brief overview and closed with why a HRIS application is the right strategical choice for Castles Family Restaurant.Business AssessmentCastles Family Restaurant is part of the restaurant industry which according to the National Restaurant Association (2013) is now 13.1 one million million millio n employees strong, and expected to increase 9.8 percent to 14.4 million by 2023. Castles Family Restaurants mission is to promote customer verity by providing outstanding spirit, service, cleanliness, and value and to promote employee loyalty through blend inership training, promotion, benefits, and rewards. Castles Family restaurant currently employees approximately 300-340 employees of which 40% is full time in the eight restaurants owned in the northern California area. Currently Jay Morgan is both operations  theater director and HR theatre director for the eight restaurants in which time and money is spent traveling between the eight restaurants to manually complete each restaurants HR tasks. Sales have shown improvement over the bypast ten long time since Castles Family Restaurant opened up their doors, but broaden to struggle with employee satisfaction that accounts for the increased swage rates the company has undergo in the past two years. It is the mission o f the company to not scarce satisfy their customers needs but also their employees and therefore it is instant that the necessary means be taken to decrease the increased employee turnover rates.Identified ProblemsCastles Family Restaurants concerns over the past two years are with the increased employee turnover rates. Even though sales have increased Castles Family Restaurant is concerned with future revenue and profitability, low workplace moral, and deteriorating product and service quality which are negative impacts from high employee turnover rates. In format to knock down turnover rates more attention must be given up to employee training, promoting, benefits, and rewards. Right now Mr. Morgan is spending time and money traveling among the eight restaurants in order to manage scheduling, recruiting, hiring, paysheet department, and answering employees questions leaving niggling to no time for developing the employees. By automating HR tasks Mr. Morgan dejection trav el less, spend less, and have more time developing the employees which in turn entrust reduce employee turnover rates. Scheduling software sack up help automate the process of assigning the right number of employees to accomplish the tasks that need to be performed on each workday and during each meal service. Workflow software will aid in the hiring process by allowing applicants to fill out applications online, upload documents, and allow criterias to be set weed out prospects. Even though one-on-one training is important, applied science can be used to track the development of employees and also be used in ways of training videos and manuals. Automating payroll will reduce the time spent on them and help avoid mistakes that can lead to legal repercussions. Specialized software exists for both payroll calculation and tips report which exist in the restaurant industry. Such software can help Mr. Morgan by automatically calculating payroll while remaining in compliance with th e relevant legislation, make it easier to enter payroll data into databases where it can be searched, and save time that wouldve been wasted on manual calculation. paysheet software can also help with other measures such as directly depositing paychecks into employees bank accounts. Though, I believe that each HR tasks listed supra could benefit the company if automated, it is in the best interest of Mr. Morgan and Castles Family Restaurant to automate payroll to reduce errors and compliance issues and also forgive up some time which can be used for employee development.HRIS demand AssessmentCurrently Mr. Morgan uses Excel spreadsheets and a computer application to affect payroll checks. He spends on the average eight hours to process payroll for the approximant 300-340 Castles Family Restaurant employees. Without schedule software each manager at the eight restaurants have to print weekly schedules and make changes as necessary throughout the week increasing errors. Mr. Mor gan enters the schedules in the Excel spreadsheets which he relies on his knowledge of Excel to make the correct calculations. An automated time keeping system will track employee hours and pay hourly employees accordingly it will also allow Mr. Morgan to import employee hours into payroll software which will compute the time worked which saves Mr. Morgan time from having to manually calculate employees payments and deductions. automate payroll is also a record keeper which the IRS requires employers to keep utilization tax records for a minimum of four years. Furthermore, the U.S. Department of Labor requires payroll records to be kept for at least three years (Grace, 2014). With a HRIS application Castles Family Restaurant can connect all eight restaurants in the northern California area. HRIS will assist Castles Family Restaurant in two major areas recording and recruiting. HRIS will allow the company to invest more time and money in their most valuable resource their employee s.ConclusionIt is without a doubt that Castles Family Restaurant is in need of Automating HR tasks in order to save time and money while keeping their customers and employees well-off because we all know that if the employee is not happy, neither is the customer. It is my suggestion that payroll be the first HR function to be automated. By Automating payroll time is saved, errors are reduced payments and deductions, and records are kept while keeping in compliance with state and federal regulations.ReferenceGrace, N., (2014). What are the Benefits of Automating a paysheet System? Chron. Hearst Newspapers. Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/benefits-automating-payroll-system-2126.htmlNational Restaurant Association. (2013). Jobs & Careers Powerhouse. Retrieved from http//www.restaurant.org/Industry-Impact/Employing-America/Jobs-Careers-Powerhouse

Exam Study Sheet

ERP as a headache concept resounds as a stiff midland randomness centering nirvana E re every(prenominal)yone involved in sourcing, producing, and have a bun in the ovening the societys yield prunes with the same information, which eliminates redundancies, centralises wasted time, and removes misinformation. Learning outcomes Buffet believes In concentrate Investing and believes that exclusively Investors should look at five features 1 . The induction with which the long-term economic characteristics of the backup can be evaluated 2.The certainty with which concern can be evaluated, both as to Its energy to realize the tumesce(p) potential of the tune and to wisely employ Its cash f crusheds 3. The certainty with which perplexity can be counted on to channel the reward from the tune to the sh atomic number 18holders earlier than to Itself 4. The purchase price of the business the degree by which an investors purchasing-power return is bring down from his gross r eturn Innovation finding new six trump out practices of innovation Find your relevant edgeAssemble innovation hotho practises Reward risk takers restrain diversity Look around Mix practitioners and developers Social entrepreneurship going kilobyte Social Responsibility implies that an brass section has a responsibility to society. Corporate indemnity reflects the position a company takes on social and political issues. sustainable or Green describes systems that minimize damage to the environment. Energy consumption breakdown of Power Usage in The Typical Data Centre For gubbins and to every(prenominal)ow for automatic updates and backup, the majority of computer equipment is never completely chuck out down.It draws energy 24 hours a day. Percentage lighting/humidifier power diffusion units air conditioners Ups IT equipment Chiller E waste State Refers to discarded, obsolete or broken electronic devices Sustainable IT disposal Refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle Electronic Product Stewardship Canada (PEPS) an industry tie beam that educates and encourages e-waste control Recent International laws restrict the use of hazardous fabrics.Moors justice has made technological devices smaller, cheaper, and faster, allowing more people from all income take aims to purchase figuring equipment. This increased demand is causing numerous environmental issues. State refers to drives, newspaperwoman cartridges, cell phones, pods, orthogonal hard drives, TVs, Vicars, DVD players, microwaves, and so on. Greener IT four slip instruction to save energy in a data center use outdoor air for cooling, cool high density argonas, use low power processors, incorporate cooling solutions, use server power vigilance, profane high efficiency power supplies, use overpopulation to consolidate servers.Organizational social ne iirking collar types of social networking an organization can implement Passive search Boomerangs marketing networks Passive Search?Finding people for new Jobs who are content and intersection pointive where they by dint of business networking sites. Boomerangs?Former employees returning to old Jobs. merchandising Networks?Using business networks for marketing and events Its a whole new knowledge domain Virtual World?An Internet resource which presents a AD virtual(prenominal) community.Virtual Organizations- interactive web presence for businesses and their guests. Virtual Workforce?working from home plate Or anywhere via the Internet. Tools for virtual workforce Mobile commerce (m-commerce)?ability to purchase goods and divine attends through a mobile device. Telemetric?The blending of pumped up(p) and wireless technologies for efficient electronic communication. Electronic tagging?the use of RIFF (radio absolute frequency identification) and other systems to identify and handleing digital assets. 4. Enterprise resource cookery ERP Failures Blaming ERP for the pickle that ma ny a company who has implemented ERP find themselves in is like blaming the CAD package for a poorly architect building. desire just about everything else, IT-enabling business processes is about using the justifiedly tools for the right reasons and executing. Enterprise resource planning integrates all departments and functions hat employees can shoot enterprisingness-wide decisions by viewing enterprise-wide information on all business operations.ERP flop organization tools Solution to incompatible activitys. Addresses the need for global information sharing. Avoids the expenditure of fixing legacy systems. Legacy Systems?are older computer applied science still in use. Functional Systems? serve single business departments or units. Legacy systems exist in personal computing as well as business Enterprise resource planning system amount data employees, orders, customers, sales, inventory 0 ERP- Global sales report,Global manufacturing report, global transportation repo rt Enterprise resource planning ERP desegregation Data fuse At the heart of all ERP systems is a database when a user enters or updates information in one module, it is immediately and automatically updated throughout the undefiled system Data ( essence) purchasing, accounting system and finance, manual resources, inventory, manufacturing, marketing and sales wherefore do organizations need integrations, if an ERP system contains one database that connects all applications together? intimately organizations operate functional silos, and each department happily has its own systems A company might purchase an ERP and then all of the functional silos would be on one system however, this doesnt happen very often in the real world ERP automates business processes such as order fulfilment?taking an order from a customer, shipping the purchase, and then billing for it.With an ERP system, when a customer assistance representative takes an order from a customer, he or she has all th e data necessary to complete the order. When one department finishes with the order, it is automatically routed via the ERP system to the next department. To find out here the order is at any point, a user needs only to log in to the ERP system and track the order.ERP systems automate business processes, for example, order fulfillment When a guest Service Representative (CARS) takes an order from a customer, he or she has all the information necessary to complete the order (the customers credit military rank and order history, the companys inventory levels, and the delivery schedule) ERP process flow Datacentre sales/quote/order warehouse pack/ship receiving returns accounting/billing/payment The organization before ERP Multiple functional systems fork up set up for the unique needs of each department but can non be integrated across the enterprise document management, workflow, ERP Etc The organization after ERP A central processing needs of each functional unit bandage havi ng data sharing across the enterprise. Core and extended ERP factors The evolution of ERP ERP material planning, order entry, distribution, general ledger, accounting, shop floor control Extended ERP scheduling, forecasting, competency planning, commerce, warehousing, logistics ERP -II project management, knowledge management, workflow management, customer relationship, human resource, portal capabilityCore ERP components tralatitious components embarrassd in most ERP systems and they primarily focus on internal operations Extended ERP components extra components that meet the organizational needs not covered by the nubble components and primarily focus on external operations Core and extended ERP components Three most common core ERP components 1 . invoice and finance 2. achievement and materials management 3.Human resource Accounting and finance ERP component manages accounting data and financial processes within the enterprise with functions such as general ledger, a ccounts payable, accounts receivable, budgeting, and asset management Dudley Harley-Davidson Canada (DDCD), the exclusive Canadian distributor of Harley- Davidson motorcycles, has improved inventory, turnaround time, margins, and customer satisfaction?all with the capital punishment of a financial ERP system Production and materials management ERP component handles the variant aspects of takings planning and execution such as demand forecasting, toil scheduling, Job cost accounting, and superior control Production and materials management ERP components This witness displays the ordinary ERP drudgery planning process. The process begins with forecasting sales in order to plan operations. A dilate production schedule is highly-developed if the product is produced, and a materials requirement plan is completed in the product is purchased. Sales forecasting 0 operations planning 0 detailed scheduling/production, 0 materials requirement planning, purchasing Human resource ERP component tracks employee information including payroll, legal requirements of multiple Jurisdictions and tax authorities Extended ERP components include Business intelligence Customer relationship management generate orbit managementE-business Business intelligence describes information that people use to support their decision-making efforts Customer relationship management involves managing all aspects of a customers relationships with an organization to increase customer loyalty and retention and an organizations profitability Supply stove management involves the management of information flows mingled with and among stages in a supply kitchen range to maximize core supply chain effectivity and profitability E-business means conducting business on the Internet, not only buying and selling, but also Irving customers and collaborating with business partners Primary Users and Business Benefits of Enterprise Applications Enterprise application CRM, SCM, ERP characters parenting/CSS, customers, accosting finance logistics Integration Middleware Several different types of software that sit between and provide connectivity for two or more software applications The connected corporation Enterprise application integration middleware Takes a new approach to middleware by packaging ordinarily used applications together, reducing the time required to integrate applications from multiple vendorsMeasuring ERP winner with the Balanced bill of fare The Four Primary Perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard great deal and scheme financial, internal business process, customer, learning and growing Balanced Scorecard is a mea authorizedment system whose aim is to clarify the companys vision and strategy and translate them into actions. It starts with the customer Customer?To achieve our vision, how should we appear to our customer. Financial -To survive financially, how should we be appearing to our shareholders? Internal Business Process?To satisfy our shareholders and customers, what business processes mustiness we excel at? Learning and Growing?To achieve our vision, how go away we sustain our ability to change and improve? Successful ERP projects share 3 attributes 1. Overall fit Off the rack Off the rack and well-kept to fit Custom made 2.Proper business analysis Successful companies occur up to 10 percentage of the project budget on a business analysis 3. Solid implementation plans A plan is needed to monitor the quality, objectives, and timeliness Overall fit This refers to the degree of gaps that exist between the system and the business process. A well-fitting ERP has no major process gaps and very few minor ones Proper business analysis The best way to determine which fit strategy is right is to conduct a everlasting(a) business analysis. Successful companies normally spend up to 10 percent of the project budget on a business analysis. Chapter 5 trading operations commission and Supply filament Management SECT ION 5. OPERATIONS trouble over view Operations Management Fundamentals MM in Business randomness Systems Role in MM SECTION 5. 2 SUPPLY CHAIN FUNDAMENTALS Supply Chain Fundamentals Information Systems Role in the Supply Chain Supply Chain Management Success Factors Future Supply Chain Trends Operations management foundations Production management describes all the activities managers do to help companies create goods. Operations management (MM) is the management of systems or processes that convert or transform resources (including human resources) into goods and services. A transformation process is often referred to as the technical core, especially in manufacturing organizations, and is the actual conversion of inputs to outputs.Operations management fundamentals Operations Involves the Conversion of Inputs into Outputs Example of Inputs, Transformation, and Outputs MM in business Typical MM activities include prediction Capacity planning Scheduling Managing inventory Assuri ng quality do and training employees Locating facilities Forecasting Estimating demand for a product/service Capacity training Determining the amount of space, equipment and throughput is needed to achieve the production targets. Scheduling Determining when the production volition occur. Managing inventory Ensuring raw materials will be available on time and in place and that work in progress and faultless goods have storage.Assuring quality Ensuring standards are met through sampling inputs, in process work and outputs. Motivating and training employees charm pay, benefits, scheduling, and direction, supervision and instructions. Locating Facilities Determining where to put production facilities and the cost effectiveness of near major markets or away from markets and close to transportation routes. pecking order of operational planning IS support for operations strategy depends on IS support for operations strategy depends on Level of available technology. Skill level of wor kers. Degree of vertical integration, to what degree the suppliers are owned (or partnered) with the company. Extent to which outside suppliers are used.SUB Strategic Business Unit?is a stand-alone business under a corporate umbrella Strategic contrivening?are the collection of decisions focus in doing the right things over a extended period of time MR. Systems?use sales forecast to make sure parts and materials are available Global Inventory Management Systems (SIMS)?locate, track and predict materials and components by installing GAPS in transportation vehicles Operational Planning and Control (POP&038C)?deals with day-to-day operations. Competitive MM strategy volt rouge competitive priorities that can add value for customers 1 . Cost 2. step 3. Delivery 5. Service 1 . Cost?key determinant in a customer purchase decision 2. Quality?product quality should reflect the exact requirements of a customer Process quality ensures a consistent error-free quality level.Several interna tional quality methodologies exist including Six Sigma Quality, SISSIES, IS014000, TTS, COMIC. An grant for students is for individual students or groups to research one of these methodologies to see when they started and by whom what objective is achieved and how what prominent companies use them today and why and what the advantages as well as disadvantages there are. 3. Delivery?fast and reliable 4. Flexibility?offering a wide variety of products to customers. Offering a choice of environmentally well-disposed products and services. 5. Service?New products revert to being commodities quickly. Often the distinguishing factor is the service provided by the supplier. M and the supply chain Supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in the procurement of a product or raw material Supply chain management (SCM) involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total effectiveness and profitability. The four basic components of Supply chain management (SCM) are Supply chain strategy Supply chain partners Supply chain operation Supply chain logistics Supply Chain Strategy. A company must have a plan for managing all the resources that go toward group meeting customer demand for products or services. Supply Chain Partners Companies chosen to deliver finished products, raw materials and services.Supply Chain Operations -Scheduling production activities, including jesting, packaging, and preparing for delivery. Supply Chain Logistics?product delivery process and elements including orders, warehouses, carriers, defective product returns and invoicing. A typical manufacturing supply chain Supplier, storage, manufacturing, storage (finished goods), distribution, retailer, customer A typical service supply chain Supplier, storage, service, customer SCM software can enable an organization to generate efficiencies within these steps different supply chain components. stupor of Efficient &038 Effective Supply Chain Management on Porters Five ForcesEffective and efficient SCM systems can enable an organization to Decrease the power of its buyers amplification its own supplier power Increase switching costs to reduce the threat of substitute products or services Create entry barriers thereby reducing the threat of new entrants Increase efficiencies while seeking a competitive advantage through cost leadership Organizations supply chain Supplier power + 5. 2 Supply Chain Fundamentals Supply chain fundamentals The supply chain has three main colligate 1 . Materials flow from suppliers and their upstream suppliers at all levels 2. Transformation of materials into semi-finished and finished products through the organizations own production process 3.Distribution of products to customers and their downstream customers at all levels Collecting, analyzing, and distributing transactional information to all relevant parties, SCM systems help all the different entities in the supp ly chain work together more effectively SCM has importantly improved companies forecasting abilities over the last few years A Typical Supply Chain for a Manufacturer Supplier/supplies 0 suppliers manufacturer (transformation)&1112 distributor retailers customer customers customer They need to determine all areas and potential threats that make the supply chain vulnerable. For example, An unusually bad date in Australia causes the eucalyptus harvest to fall short of expectation production levels, which causes the price to skyrocket The factory in Lit, Pennsylvania, is destroyed by a fire One of its transportation ships sinks A hurricane causes one of its transportation ships to be delayed The five basic supply chain management components Plan This is the strategic portion of supply chain management. A company must

Home Education: For better or for worse Essay

A shell school, as the name implies, is basically an alternative cultivate of education that allows learners to receive their education at their hold berths instead of personnel casualty to traditional public or closed-door schools. Students who turn over at alkali argon either taught by personal tutors, their own p arnts, or sometimes the school sends the whole curriculum or all the lessons that need to be registered to them. Most of the time, kin school savants only need to go to their respective schools when they need to happen upon an exam, for example, but in several cases, they take their quizzes or examination at hearthstone as well.There atomic number 18 several reasons why parents opt to have their children study at home instead of sending them to educational institutions. These reasons may include the parents belief that they nates give their child better education at home, the childs disabilities or mental disorders which need special attention the paren ts inability to yield sending their child to traditional schools, the childs failure to learn anything in private or public schools, the desired school is in any case far from the childs home, the childs failure to throw the entrance exams in any school, problems with policies of the school, and regular religious reasons.At dedicate home education has helped a lot of educatees who are unable to study in traditional schools all around the world. However, while I screw that there are millions of pupils that are home schooled and that the trend is turn outing approximately every year, I am non entirely in promote of the concept due to various reasons.Although it may be true that home education provides a number of benefits for students, especially those who are impoverished, I view that it defeats the other(a) purposes of private and public schools, which is to ensure the childs emotional, intellectual, and hearty growth and to prepare the child for the life after graduat ion. It is a known fact that a traditional school teaches not only the lessons ready in textbooks but also certain aspects of life itself. In private or public schools, students get to act with their peers.Interaction between students facilitates the transpose of new information, new insights, and new ideas which is highly essential for intellectual growth. Moreover, interacting with peers enables a student to create his own circle or net ladder of friends which is pregnant for social stability and growth. In addition, making friends can also be educational especially if it involves people from different cultures or nationalities. For example, an American student can learn a lot from his or her Chinese scoop out friend regarding the lifestyle, food, beliefs, traditions, and history of China or vice versa.On the other hand, a home schooled student is strictly contained within the four corners of his or her house so he or she is unable to meet and interact with new people. In ad dition, since this student becomes isolated, he or she may expand a fear of other people or even the alfresco world in general. Moreover, although a home schooled student may be more intellectual than his or her traditionally educated counterparts since he or she is primarily focused on studying, he or she may not learn new information because of his or her dependence on textbooks.In short, he or she will have a narrower perspective active a lot of things as compared to a student in a traditional classroom setting where he or she can take in questions and give their own opinions regarding certain matter about the lesson. Furthermore, since a home-educated student is basically confined in his or her house, he or she may have a tendency of slacking off because there are no school rules. Home schooled students may study and may work when they want to provided that they pass the exams given to them.However, this defeats the purpose of having school rules and regulations which develo p champaign in students. In traditional schools, students generally have to hold fast rules much(prenominal) as wearing of right(a) uniform, observing silence in hallways, displaying appropriate behavior while in the campus, and throwing of trash in the proper dribble cans, among many others. If they fail to abide by the rules and regulations of the schools they will be penalized.This penalization system in traditional schools instills in students the fear of breaking a rule due to the corresponding punishments and in effect, they become disciplined and follow the law. In addition, this system also teaches students to respect the authority and the law in general, which is basically what is lacking in home schools. Although the parents may have taught their home-educated children proper manners and respect, these children may only apply this when dealing with their parents since they never got to interact with other people.Furthermore, possibly the major disadvantage of home e ducation is that it lacks an boulevard for physical growth. Home-educated students generally have no physical activities such as sports which could lead to weight gain and possible health problems. In addition, since home education does not have extracurricular activities, students are unable to fount the possible potentials they may have. For example, a home- schooled student may have the makings and traits of a leader, however, he or she cannot show his or her capabilities since there are no opportunities to show them.Moreover, a home-schooled student may have amazing endowment fund in basketball and has the potential to be granted a acquaintance in a prestigious university but is unable to do so since he or she is restricted within the comforts of his or her own home. In short, what home schools also lack is the channel for students to be acknowledge for their talents and skills in activities other than academics. In fact, they may not be even recognized in academics since i t is already an advantage for them to be studying at home.Basically, what I would like to point out is that there are incumbent lessons in life that cannot be learned inside a home school or even inside a classroom. For a student to be well-equipped to face the real world, he or she should have go through the little realities of life which are present in traditional schools. For me, I believe that home schools should only be applicable to students who have disabilities and psychological defects and who are too poor to afford private education. The other reasons are not justifiable since traditional schooling is basically a fatality for everyone.Parents who force their children to receive their education at home without valid are actually impeding their personal growth. If this is the case, they should not be surprised if their children grow up with various problems in life. Over-all, I believe that while a home school can provide intellectual growth for students, it lacks an aven ue for equally important aspects of personal growth such as emotional, social, and sometimes even spiritual growth, which are all important for a student to understand and face life itself.

Essay and Research Paper Essay

Some young children overleap a capital amount of their time practicing sports. Discuss the vantages and disadvantages of this. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. in that respect is a true saying that everyone knows scarpering sports is very comfortably for our health. play sport helps us hang on in shape, builds up our teamwork skill, and makes us legitimate players. But there is a truth that not many mess can realize go throughing besides a great deal time on sports may cause some bad influences. Especially when it comes to young children. They withdraw a balanced schedule so that they can take advantage and avoid some disadvantages of play sportsFirst, playing sports is necessary for everyone to reserve good health. It is proven by scientists that doing exercises or playing sports regularly helps people stay in a good shape, and helps avoid some health problems such as heart attack or blood pressure. For those reasons, young children should spen d time in playing sport everyday. But if they spend too much time on that, they will not have exuberant time to participate in many other interesting and profitable activities, such as going on a picnic with their friends or learning to play musical instrumentsEven worse, they may not spend enough time on study.Second, playing sports helps young children develop their team-work skill. unremarkably when playing sport, they will be allocated into teams. By trying to connect with other team members to win to the game, they will learn how to get along with people, how to determine other peoples ideas, and how to coordinate with the others to get the best result, not only in sports, but also in study or in a working environment. But still, if they spend too much time on playing sports, there will be a disadvantage for young children, since they spend too much time abeyance on with the others in a team, will not know how to cross problems alone, resulting in performing badly when w orking independently.Lastly, playing sports helps children learn how to point of view up after failing, making them competitive in any tournament. It is explicit that everyone will fail at least once when they play sport. The commit of being the winner urges them to try more and more. The more they try, the better.they become, but once they are so involved in the game, they somehow become so aggressive. Some will try anything to win, and some will even play unfairly to be the winner. The stories about the soccer players using drugs or the players combat in a game are clear evidences to the disadvantage of playing sport when it is not under control.

Cultural adaptation and cultural change Essay

Culture is the set of all alliances spiritual, emotional, material and intellectual features of a brotherly group or a whole society. It incorporates lifestyles, literature, traditions, nourish systems and beliefs with which the bulk from a certain society or even a group should follow. Individuals are made to respect their culture as a fauna towards safeguarding it. Generally indeed, culture can affect ones behavior both positively and negatively when individuals seek to adhere to the ways and authorities of their culture.Societal culture is an important tool towards regulate the peoples behavior. It provides norms, values, and traditions with which the people are supposed to adhere to in put up to be in harmony with the social rules, regulations and foundations. The heathen diversity deep down a society because seeks to provide respect on the cardinal human rights and freedoms. Through culture, the society is provided with a harmonious system with and by which they can interact with one another through various social integrations.Therefore, culture constrains our behavior when its promulgations require us to go by its standards. The individualized feeling about a certain behavioral desire is determined and shaped by the ethnical dictations which require them to abide by these heathen dispensations. This is to say that, the peoples behavior within a society is constrained towards a certain behavioral conception by the requirements and dictates of their culture. (Lee, 1999) The section posited on the cultural constrain towards shaping our behavior can be argued diversely about its authenticity.At one level, it is good and recommendable since it helps in shaping and restoring the peoples behavior towards conceptions that are acceptable within a specific society. However, a counteractive argument can be situated on the negative implications allied to the cultural constrains in the social behavior. By and large, the overall effect of this c onstrain is that it is wrong and a bad conception that is aimed at pulling the people behavior towards specific societal expectations. These expectations may be illogical to the changing societal structures.Behavioral constrain by culture has scarce acted to limit the people behavior towards a worldwide behavioral change which would be a requisite to the requirements of societal change. This has therefore led to dogmatic scores and backwardness in behavioral expectations from much(prenominal) people who lack adequately borrowed behavior from the changing course of the international imagery from the effects of their societys cultural dictates and authorities. Some major cultural dispensations are far below the scale that promotes a communicate individual development since they are shaped and governed by traditional societal scores.(Lee, 1999) However, cultural change would perhaps be the most eminent tool towards governing strong behavioral changes. Cultural change can only be possible through cultural integration. This is the process with which different cultural groups come together to exchange their cultural imageries. Different cultures are intermingled through exchange and concept borrowing to bring up cultural diversity. A diversified culture is that which incorporates various cultural scores in its regulations and rescind specific cultural dispensations which could be underscored by traditionalism and dogmatic backwardness.Consequently, through cultural integration, people come to learn about new cultural systems embodied by other groups which bring more realistic sentience towards modeling the societal behavior above its growth. Perhaps, cultural integration is what has root out various traditional cultures through models of westernization. Cultural diversity therefore opens more practical cultural developments that concur with the change in societal structures. Reference Lee, C (1999) The Complex Whole Culture and Evolution of gentleman Behav ior. West View Press

Girls’ State Essay

I swear to attend the Rhododendron Girls State Program. My attendance would drastically assist me in all of my future endeavors. It would provide me with an opportunity to join the over 30,000 girls who prepare already benefited from the citizenship, leadership, and patriotism training. This nationally recognized program would help me academically excel above others. Besides looking great in full general on my college application, it could provide me with a chance to receive scholarships. After broad(prenominal) school, I currently plan to continue my education at all West Liberty University or Ohio University.I want to take a doubled major of biology and chemistry these majors are important because I want to be Pre-Medicine. Along with a rigorous curriculum, I hope to play collegiate softball. After college, I depart again only my education by going to a school of medicine in order to become an orthopedic surgeon. When I apply for admittance into these schools, they will tak e into account programs such(prenominal) as Girls State causing them to observe me as a better choice than those who did not attend such programs.Since I will soon be of voting age, I am interested in acquiring a better understanding and deeper go through for my nations legacy of freedom and democracy. Running for offices, registering to vote, and delivering speeches will lend me first-hand experience for the real world. My nations history is unique and the origination fathers of America would be proud to see youth learning virtually the government they created.

Cultural practices Essay

Culture, ethnocentrism and heathen possibility of relativity ar the three terms which form the land of this essay. There is an effort to define separately of these terms in as on the button manner as possible. Moreoer several(prenominal) discussion on humane attitudes and characteristics precedes the final exam perish along to the question displace we stress a cultural perpetrate as beneficial or wrong ? The answer is affirmative Yes, all cultural practices usher out non be considered equal and beyond reproach, judging them as right or wrong is sure acceptable.Definitions Culture is defined as, the totality of rational and physical reactions and activities that characterize the behavior of various(prenominal)s make-up of a social congregation together with and individually in relation to their subjective environment, to other groups, to members of the group itself, and of each individual to himself. ( Heuristic device) Ethnocentrism is defined as disposal to look at the orbit, primarily from the perspective of ones testify gardening. It practically entails the belief that ones throw race or ethnicgroup is the most important and/or that well-nigh or all aspects of its finis be superior to those of other groups. ( Ethnocentrism). Cultural relativity is the principle that an individuals beliefs and activities should be interpreted in terms of his give culture. ( Cultural relativism). It is important to note everywhere here that the five civilizations of human register is the mother of all cultural practices. separately civilization devised a behavioral simulate which suited the local geographic, economic and semipolitical conditions. The roots of all ethnicgroups claiming to take in their own and independent culture can be traced back to these five civilizations. They atomic number 18 essentially offshoots of the basic civilization. Discussion It has been proved beyond doubt that the major shun characteristics of hum an race are his rapaciousness and his ego. He always wants to dominate over his fellow humans and other brio sentence species. On the other hand, one of the outflank qualities of human beings is to make our globe a worth living place. Those who devised the cultural practices were in either casehuman beings and hence all cultures name whateverthing that can be called good and something that can be called bad or not acceptable. A few examples ordain prove this point. The Indus valley civilization, firmly advocates the theory of live and let live. Hinduism, a faith originating in the Indian sub-continent advocates provided vegetarian food. The argument is, why kill a fish, chicken or an animal when your ache can be filled with vegetables and cereals, without make any compromise on the nutritious values? So far so good. The same culture has a company system. The status of a human being is decided by the virtue of his birth. If he is born in a high caste, he has the un iverse at his feet, and if he is born in a turn away caste family, then he is treat as an untouchable, who will never get any opportunity in life to improve his position. The European culture. While European intelligence has been instrumental in inclose the highly developed technical world of instantly, full of comforts, the same Europeans expectsucked the linage of the third world population by establishing colonies, for centuries together. A very truthful situation, right from the civilization days to today, is that all human efforts in devising cultural practices have been concentrated at local take aim only. No culture has a globose approach. The Indus valley civilization is perhaps an excommunication to this. The practices are laid down for a particular group of people residing in that particular geographic area. In the perfect history of human evolution, man has never lived like asingle species. gratuitous to say, improvement of life and peaceful co- lastence were the aims of any cultural practices. Hence, evaluation of any culture should be done on a very basic question, does it allow others to exist peacefully? The two systems of cultural perceptions, to wit ethnocentrism and cultural relativism have very little significance. While ethnocentrism places ones own culture as the only dress hat cultural relativism closes the doors for beliefs about other cultures. Ethnocentrismdoes not put the Statesns or Europeans as the silk hat cultural groups and cultural relativism cannot ignore the fact that slavery system in America is a wrong practice. These perceptions are irrelevant because no culture is coercive or the best, and no culture is so complete in itself . Summary No theory can prevent judgement of the wrong and the right of any cultural practice. Simply because no culture is flawless, when assessed on humanitarian and global grounds. Any practice which preserves the peaceful co-existence and helps in bettermentof life will alwa ys be applauded and any practice which promotes injustice, cruelty and supremacy over others, will always be turned down. If Americans think in an ethnocentric way that they are the indirect dominators of the world affairs, they are mistaken. It was Europe yesterday, America today and tomorrow may belong to some other culture. Similarly if Asians think that in that location is no need to pass judgment on any other culture because every culture is complete on its own, they are also wrong. They ought to pass a judgment and raise a section against the wrongcolonization and slavery of Europeans and Americans respectively. No theory can stop firing judgments over any cultural practice. Judgments are necessary. They always help in up(p) upon the negative aspects of any culture. Works cited pageboy 1) Heuristic device and cultural relativism, wikipedia the impeccant encyclopedia, 12 02-07, Retrieved on 14-02-07. < http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/cultural_relativism > 2. Ethnocen trism, wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 10-02-07, Retrieved on 14-02-07, < http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/etnocentrism >

Education of the Middle Ages Essay

Education, as we bop it today, did non exist in the position Ages. Illiteracy was dominant among the population. Scribes were the exception to the rule. Churches were the master(prenominal) source of know conductge and nurtureing. Real involution in analyzeing grew along with the outgrowth of towns. The towns officials needed to be educated. At the like time a need for sound institutions was created and so started the university phenomenon. Modern education was on its way. T present were a few(prenominal) schools in the essence ages, so everyone had limited education. point the maestro of the Manor was often unable to shoot or write. Some of the first schools were cathedral schools. As well as capital of Franceh, Monastic, and rook schools. Here raft learned a smashicular role in society. natur exclusivelyy the primary job was find outing the clergy in their professional duties as priests of the Christian people. The bishop was the psyche of the composite plant and he had a ply of priest to help him with the several of the diocese. These skills that were taught here were reading, singing of hymns, church natural law, writing of documents and the acting of Church duties and sacraments.An example of educating for a particular proposition role in life were the Knights who had learn how to shinny with various weapons so that they could fight for their king. The common people, however, had no way of beingnessness educated other than going a monastic school. However, if they did this, they had to donate their property to the church. The people who went to this school later become monks or nuns. They had to follow three historic laws chastity, obedience, and the law or the lord if not followed they would be thrown out of the monastery.Most monasteries had a rule of silence monks could not chatter which other except for a short-change period of time. During meals one monk capability read laneages from the script enchantment the other s mediated. Even though monks lives seem to be so hard it was the best endue to go for a good education for anybody from a king to a beggar (Monasteries 488-499). Women took part in monastic life by living in a convent nether a direction of an abbess. Known as nuns, they wore simple clothes and wrapped a white cloth c whollyed a wimple round their face and neck.They alternated prayer with spinning, weaving, and embroiling items much(prenominal) as tapestries and banners. They in addition taught needlework and the medicinal function of herbs to daughters of nobles (Couglin A6). Although monks and nuns lived apart from society, they were not completely isolated. Indeed, they play a crucial role in gallant intellectual and social life. Since few people could read or write, the symmetrical clergy preserved ancient and the classical writings. Scribes copied all the adjudges by hand working in a small drafty path with one candle or a small window for light.Illuminated manuscripts grace with rich colors and intricate pictures augur that, although the task was done with hard work, it was analogously lovingly done (Monastaries 499-501). Monasteries and convents provided not that schools for young people, but hospitals for the sick, food for the needy, and a home for travelers who need a out to stay (Monasteries 499-501). Cathedral schools were there to train higher-member of the Church in their professional duties as ministers of the Christian people. The bishop in whose Cathedral complex the school was located needed a group of trained priests to administer the various needs dioceses.The Cathedral school for the near part emphasized practical skills, effective reading, singing, and knowledge of Church Law, public speaking and the arrangement of the holy sacraments (Corbishely 28). At first the university was not so overmuch a place as it was a group of scholars organised like a guild for the habit of learning. Classes were held in rented rooms or churches nonetheless in the open air. Books were scarce. In most classes teacher read the text and discussed it, firearm students took notes on slates or memorized as much information as possible. Classes did, however examine regularly schedule.University rules established the obligations of the students and the teachers toward each other. To transform as a teacher students had to pass an exam leading to a degree, or a certificate of completion (Cantor 58). By the end of the 1200s universities had spread passim Europe. Most southern European universities were sculptural after the law school at Bologna, Italy, and specialise in law and medicine. Universities in Northern Europe on the contrary, specialized in liberal arts in Theology. These were generally modeled after the University of Paris (Bailey 89).At medieval universities, scholars analyze Latin classics and Roman law in depth. They also acquired knowledge from the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle and from the Mu slim scholarship in the attainments. This interest in the physical world eventually led a rise of western science (Schools 291-292). Many church leadership unconnected the charter of Aristotles works, fearing that his ideas feared the Christian tenets. In contrast some scholars thought that brand-newfangled knowledge could be used ideas. The use Aristotle philosophy to theological questions and create a system of thought called scholasticism.This new event of learning emphasized reason as well as the faith in the interpretations of Christian doctrine. Scholastic sought to operate back classical philosophy along side with the teachings of the Church. They believed that knowledge could be integrated into a coherent whole (Schools 295). peerless scholastic teacher, Peter Aberlard taught theology in Paris during the advance(prenominal) 1100s. In his book Sic et Non, he collected statements from the bible writings of early Christian leaders that showed both sides of controve rsial questions.Abearld then had his students bow the difference though logic. In the 1200s the most important scholastic psyche was Thomas Aquinas a splendid theologian and philosopher who taught philosophy in Naples and France. In his work Summa Theolgica Aquinas claimed that reason was a authorize from god that could provide answers to underlying philosophical questions. The catholic later sure and promoted Aquinass way of teaching and thinking (Schools 310). The education of a entitle proceeded in a way similar to that of many medieval occupations.At an early age the prospective cavalry was apprentice to serve as a page, or attendant, in a nicknames family unit. In his teens the page graduated to the posture of a squire and trusted more(prenominal) responsibilities. As a squire the son tended his knights horses and armor, but he also gained his first battle experience. some(prenominal) squires were commonly apprenticed to a knight at the same time and on the ba ttlefield they might fight as a small band of pes around their master. Here they acquired the many skills in arms necessary for their profession.To graduate to the lieu of a knight, a squire usually performed some heroic deed in battle. The squire was welcomed into the order of knights by being dubbed with a sword or slapped in the face by his lord. Afterwards the new knight would receive his fief, or gift of land. As the cult of chivalry developed in the 12th and 13th centuries, knighting ceremonies became more involved. Often they occurred at court, and a knights dubbing might be preceded by a religious spotter in which the knight vowed to uphold Christian and chivalric principles (Davies 12-13).Finally the Renaissance, or changeover of learning, began in Europe in the fourteenth century and reached its height in the fifteenth century. Scholars became more interested in the human-centred features that is, the secular or worldly kinda than the religious aspects of the Greek a nd Latin classics. humanitarian educators found their models of literary style in the classics. The Renaissance was a particularly aright force in Italy, most notably in art, literature, and architecture. In literature, the works of such Italian writers as Dante Aleghieri, Petrarch, and Giovanni Boccaccio became curiously important (Renaissance 228-229).Humanist educators designed teaching methods to trail well-rounded, liberally educated persons. Dutch improver Desiderius Erasmus was particularly influential. Erasmus believed that understanding and conversing about the pith of literature was more important than memorizing it, as had been required at many of the medieval religious schools. He advised teachers to study such fields as archeology, astronomy, mythology, history, and sacred scripture (Renaissance 220). The invention of the printing press in the mid-15th century made books more widely available and increased literacy rates.But school attendance did not increase gre atly during the Renaissance. Elementary schools educated middle-class children while lower-class children received little, if any, formal schooling. Children of the gentry and upper classes tended to(p) humanist vicarious schools (Bailey 112). Educational opportunities for women improved slightly during the Renaissance, especially for the upper classes. Some girls from wealthy families attended schools of the royal court or received private lessons at home.The curriculum studied by young women was sleek over ground on the belief that only certain subjects, such as art, music, needlework, dancing, and poetry, were suited for females. For wage-earning girls, especially rural peasants, education was still limited to training in household duties such as cooking and fix (Couglin, A8). As it shows education the Middle Ages seems to be so diverse and a beginning point for modern education. But the lector must always keep in mind only about quintuple percent of the whole populatio n did all of these educational activities.

Management Case Analysis

David, in which he needs to determine fundamentally whether the greater good of the byplay social unit should outweigh the promotion of one of Its happen upon members. This Is rather ironic due to the set that four-in-hands typically have more encumbrance Identifying promotional opportunities for their employees than Impeding them. David Is under probatory pressure to perform and the obstacles are circumstances against him, poor market situation, safety issues at the plant, and rising fixed costs.The member, When to Reward Employees with more Responsibility and Money, states that more than often four-in-hands tonus responsible for finding their employees the close life story fortune. Mangers should foster progression and skill using of their employees within the work environment that should this be secondary to the overall health of the crease unit or government activity? Davits task is certainly an arduous one. This is his prospect to prove to upper management that condescension his age, he is capable enough to successfully manage his sales team.Furthermore, David implements the correct crushing by assigning the project to the phone line growth take aim Initially. This decision yielded coercive provides and the type clearly presents the disdain development train as an Integral factor. The worry development double-deckers talent does not go unnoticed and shortly after he is offered a position two levels higher(prenominal) than his current role with a substantial salary increase. This is a managerial success, considering David right on developed his employee for future opportunities however transaction of the business unit result foreseeable decline with the loss of its key member.It is come say that David will need approximate creatively to transcend his rock and a hard place situation. The article, When to Reward Employees with more than Responsibility and Money, outlines challenges managers face and their corresponding solutions, the initiatory being alternate(a) forms of motivation, having to say no, and cable sculpting to prepare employees for the next step. These examples permeate the crusade study, In which David must construct a viable all-encompassing strategy. The key have Is that employees can be motivated by factors other than money.In fact an over opinion on money as a motivator could result in an organizations shade becoming transactional and calculated. Also, Job sculpting sets realistic expectations regarding position related responsibilities for employees who want to take the next step, but currently lack the baffle or skill set. David should not be deterred by the budgetary constraints ND capture this scenario as an opportunity to execute an modern method to satisfy all parties, without touching production or the bottom line.The case only proposes two options for David, to let the business development engineer to move on or to block his promotion. We are proposing an altern ative third option. David could plead his case to the hiring manager that the business development engineer will be needed until year end, concurrently enabling the quota to be reached and affording the account manager time to be trained. As the article suggests, David loud create a hybrid role for the business development engineer to supervise the the process.Additionally, the business development engineer could use this time to take on some his new duties to appease the hiring manager and acclimate himself to his new position. Furthermore, this recommendation could result as an extrinsic reward to the business development engineer and account manager, deprave conveying the message that they are twain essential to the future success of this business unit and are both provided the opportunity to further develop their skills.

Decision to breastfeed is a very personal Essay

Breast cater topic always elicits strong opinions from family and friends. What matters is the baby acquire kosher nutrition for his optimal growth and development. The Ameri stub college of Obstetricians and Gynecologist and Ameri place Academy of Pediatrics, to great emphasis on importance of papfeeding. Every infant and start taboo is unique and has different challenges. Breast draw provides complete nutrition for infants. It has the perfect conspiracy of protein, vitamins, fats and everything infants needs for its growth and development.Breast take out overly contains antibodies that succor infants fight mop up bacteria and viruses. Risk of having allergies and asthma ar greatly reduced with titmousefeeding. Infants who argon only if breastfed for the first sextuplet months, with proscribed any order tend to make fewer respiratory illnesses, ear infection and bouts of diarrhea. These infants also mystify fewer trips to the bear on and hospitalizations. Breastf eeding also results in higher IQ scores in some studies. The physical touch, c haveness, skin-to-skin touch and mall contact, helps infants to bond with the mother and feel secure.Breastfeeding also linked to health weight hold in infants and fight childhood obesity. As per American Academy of Pediatrics, sudden infant death syndrome, risk of diabetes, obesity and trusted cancers can be prevented by breastfeeding. Educating the impertinently mother regarding breastfeeding is imperative, to make sure proper nutriment of the infant. Breastfeeding education starts with finding out the mothers current noesis and perception towards breastfeeding. Once finding out the mother perception and knowledge active breastfeeding.After educating the mother regarding benefits of breast feeding to infants. Nurses should first have to address the approximately common concerns of new mothers like * charge gain Breastfeeding burns extra calories and helps lose pregnancy weight faster. It releas es the hormone oxytocin, which helps die uterus to its original size and reduces uterine bleeding. * Expenses Breastfeeding can help save funds by non needing to buy formula, base hit nipples and other formula related things. * stark naked nipples It is normal to have sore nipples. construct sure baby latches on aright and use one finger to depart the suction of your babys blab after each feeding. Holding tripe or frozen bags of peas against sore nipples can also help ease discomfort. * not producing enough take out A cosmopolitan rule of thumb is infants wetting six to eight diapers a day is getting enough draw. Breast size does not have to do anything with milk production. locoweed of sleep, good nutrition and proper hydration helps frame to produce more milk * Storing and pumping milk Milk can be evince by hand or wield with a breast pump.Breast milk can be safely can be used with 2 days if stored in refrigerator. Frozen breast milk can be stored for 3 months. liquefy frozen milk in doting water or refrigerator. Do not use microwave oven to heat breast milk. * Breast engorgement Breast engorgement is healthy and natural. It happens when breast become full of milk, it could also meanspirited blood vessels in breast have become congested, difference between cardinal is, in normal breast waistcloth soft and pliable. * Mastitis Is an infection of the breast caused by bacteria which enters the breast through a cracked nipple after breastfeeding.Antibiotics are usually needed to clear up a breast infection. Call the doctor if flu-like symptoms, fever and fatigue are noticed. * striving Feeling overwhelmed during breastfeeding is normal. Being overly hard-pressed or anxious can step in with your let down reflex, thats carcass natural release of milk into milk ducts. Staying as calm and relaxed as thinkable before and during nursing can help milk let down and incline more easily, that in turns helps infant to be calm and relaxed and increases emotional bonding.

An Idea That Failed

Kamala who worked in ICC bank used to electron orbit her workplace In her car. One day,she was futile to start her car and as she has to gear up over In king 9 oclock penetrative entirely she did not assimilate duration to get the car repaired-So she decided to labour a bus. When the bus arrived,it was overcrowded but if she waited for other whiz,she would piddle not made it in time. So she boarded it and somehow managed to reach office in time. On reaching the bank,she remembered carrying her cubicle think with her. When she checked her Jeans pouch She was ball over on not finding it in that location.Her pocket was empty. Maybe It was stolen. l should not wee boarded a crowded bus. Maybe psyche has picked my pocket there,she give tongue to to herself-Manager Gathers the likes ofwise had just reached the bank- fulfiling Commas face she unders likewised that there was some problem. What is the consequence,Kamala? Why are you feel upset? Ls everything all asked . Marry,my carrell speech sound peal has been stolen,spoke Kamala nervously. You did not accept any jail cubicleular tele knell strait surprised Gathers said. Yesterday was my natal day and It was a birthday gift to me from my husband. He had bought It yesterday,salad Kamala.Olathe is saddled us go to the police force Station and get a report lodged,Gathers said. Disappointed Kamala go out it matter? I wont get the prison cell ph unitary hindquarters We must get a complaint lodged for every crime. The robber depart soon be caught you see and you cede get your cell phone back,the manager assured. 000 so both went to the Police station. Landscape venue who was on province writing the report inquired,What was your phone return? . Then venue dialed the look from his phone. l am sure. You go out not get through. The freebooter either must have interpreted out the Simi card or must have switched off the phone,a disillusioned Kamala said.The pertinentest of the high waymans also commits a misunderstanding somewhere. Maybe your cell phone thief leaves a clue too,Landscape said. On not getting the number for the rootage time,the inspector tried again. it is said gently and switched on his babbleer phone. A sound responded,Hello,who is speaking? There is a ethical news for you. Our company rewards a cell phone buyer every calendar month with two tickets to Ago The winners name is taken out through lottery. You are the prosperous one who has purchased a cell phone yesterday and won the pillage. Elf you do not want to avail of the trip,we leave alone offer you a cash of prize RSI. ,OOH, Venue said. Gathers and Kamala understood that Venue play a trick to trap the thief in the net. And he was successful too. The thief responded, will avail of the cash prize. When and where will I get the prize. You can happen to our office if you want. Or we could send our incumbent to hand you over the prize. You will merely have to arrest and show yo ur cell phone to us, said the inspector. l will come to your the thief Anytime. Our incubate is 8-404,Maharani Bag and my name is Venue An brainsick thief said, will be there in two hours.Keeping the phone deplete the inspector said, The thief seems very greedy. He did not even think where we got his number from. was apprehending that if he enquired that I would not get what to say. A surprised Kamala asked,whose address was the one you gave? The same companys from where you bought your cell phone. Krishna is my friend and he is General Manager of that company,informed Venue. You managed to discipline the thief very Gathers. You may leave now. Len an hours time you will get your cell phone and the thief too will be caught, Venue assured. L forgot to disunite you that my cell phone has a micro Barbie sticker on its indoors by my aught,informed Kamala This will make it easier to differentiate your cell Venue. One hour later inspector reached his friend Krishna office and told him virtually everything. Curtain. SAA has no idea. Speaking arrogantly to Krishna, butt said Did you rang me up? I have come to collect my prize of RSI. 50,OOH Where is your cell phone? asked Krishna. Parade showed the cell phone. Krishna opened the cell phone and saw Barbie sticker inside it. He said,Come out,inspector. The person you were delay for is here When Parade saw Venue he was shocked.He could not even trance that he would be aught like this one day. How many cell phones have you stolen till now? Landscape asked sternly. fivesome hundred,parade,petrified could not lie. Venue arrested Parade immediately and station him behind bars. Kamala was too happy getting back her cell phone. She praised Venue for his efficiency. More than my efficiency it was the foolishness of parade that helped. Elf he had not talked on the cell phone,my plan would not have worked. Parade is very clever but committed a break this time,Venue said. Parade was punished with one year impris onment. Many of his friends too were put behind bars.They were very happy to see him but when they learnt about his foolishness,they all had a hearty laugh. His best friend panda bear said,Parade,you are so clever. Everyone calls you clever,Parade. How could you commit much(prenominal) a mistake? You should not have talked with that cell phone. You should have at to the lowest degree enquired. After all,the buyer was to get a prize, not you. You had stolen it. You must have theory that you would get RSI. 50,OOH easily. You have not only made a fool of yourself but also let us downward(a) too Parade could not speak a word and sat with a hung face. His accomplices too refused to accept him as his leader. THE intercept