Managerial Accounting And Shareholders Accounting Essay

Managerial score And Sh beholders Accounting Essay1. What obligations did the fiscal theater directors have to their sh beholders to do whatever is possible to head off study fiscal losings associated with these proceedss?According to Ask (2002), entirely major(ip) business institutions nowadays atomic number 18 being forced to continuously hike their fiscal status, technologies, innovate their harvest-feasts and services that they offer as well as extend their client reach to avoid major financial losses associated with problems roughly their products particularly in maturation countries, and utilize resources through financial strategies. Apparently, the main effect of the situation to the political party is that it is forcing any last(predicate) types of costing brasss, from fine to large scale start outs, to amend their current financial strategies and processes, and to restructure their devoteoff and processes. Financial manager of Dalkon Shield moldiness set both(prenominal) necessity changes to effectively and efficiently respond to the continuously evolving needs of the company.Financial managers machinate sure that shareholders get their investments fully. It is alike their role to make sure that shareholders are receiving their entitled maximum returns for their investment. To avoid major financial losses associated with these products, financial managers are facing with the task of engaging in opposite activities that brings harbor to the shareholders and the company. Financial managers shag implement unlike strategic plans to inform providers and superlative management for the reading of strategies and implementations of plans. Narrowing the companys strategic partners through engagement in narrowly defined financial areas is also friendful for the financial mangers (Chua, 2006).As implementers of strategies, the role of financial managers also consists of shareholder value maximization. Financial managers flush toilet increase and get value from the financing, budgeting, and networking activities such as buying assets which create more cash than they cost or they can sell stocks and bonds and oppositewise instruments financi in ally which all generate more finances than their cost. When the financial manager will try to a healthy balance between the shareholder and the company needs, they also need to follow ethical standards by ensuring that all statements and their financial transaction are true and correct (Chua, 2006).In this situation, the company has experienced on maximizing their business by smoothly ensuring that all services are working and provide the expertise for the generation of financial System. This is an strategic in the field of financial management for the company and financial managers should developed basic information and concepts regarding the engrossed effective strategies to avoid major financial losses associated with these products. The objective of these actions is to identify and present the most all important(predicate) features of product and planning to sell products in a well set up amount. These include product analysis, competitor analysis and merchandising operations that focusing on channel distribution, costing objectives, commercialize analysis, customer satisfaction and a great tool in rule to cope with the challenges of product placement. Consumer and environmental analysis are important area made by a continuous effort to make connections and form relationships with finances, customers, and finance and distribution conduct designed financing strategies. Business network of the company can help the financial managers to contribute to effective supply management that support and analyse the influence of the situation on financial management processes (Ask, 2002).In a perspective of this company, strategies apply by the financial manager mustiness signify that the financial losses be prepared to respond appropr iately to random costing agreement with the shareholders. If long-run performance is non greatly impacted by shareholders and if it is caused by random impacts, then unwaveringlys must monitor these shocks and translate them into opportunities. Importantly, these impacts cannot be readily predicted. Thus the firms must have an agile tool scan in conjunction with a flexible commercialize organization. forrader any of these implications are strongly adopted much more marketing dodge refinement is necessary. The financial strategies employed by financial managers are effective tools that may be used by the marketing manager to help in more effective planning and strategy study of product and business. This is an important factor that provides framework for more specific potpourri strategies and evasive action in the products or services, distribution, promotion, and pricing areas (Van Horne Wachowicz, 2005).An opposite factor to discover is the strategy which is effecti ve tools that may be used by the firm to aid in more effective strategy and planning development. This is an important factor that provides framework for more specific financial mix tactics and strategies. Throughout the years some(prenominal) an(prenominal) international business organizations has invested in propagating their marketing strategies as well as the flow of investments. The financial manger must have been investing on effective services and performance to aid in its goal. Strategic financing process also affects the decision fashioning as it affects the capital opportunities and company capabilities in developing a ingrained return of investments to their shareholders (Van Horne Wachowicz, 2005).2. Was the toss away in this case ethical? Those involved in the dumping might have argued that the people receiving the pajamas would not have otherwise had access to such clothing and were notified of the health and precaution hazards. Does this affect your feelings a bout the case? What do you mobilise about the exportation of the Dalkon Shield? notify it be justified because the rate of dying during childbirth in ternion human countries is extremely high, and, as such, any effective birth guard device is better than none?International laws presented that a firm is dumping if its foreign price is either below its marginal cost or below domestic price. In this case, ethical consideration must be consider by the company since the firm often claim that a low-cost is engaged in a long term strategies in harming domestic consumers and destroying the domestic industry (Viner, 1991).It was also a most unethical way and a clear indication of how money always eclipses the pregnant issue in this case. Whatever causes that these children would have access to fire-retardant pajamas, they would also not have had opportunity to have kidney cancer had they not been undecided unduly to the chemical toxic for their health. The same is true Dalkon Shield o f exportation many serious and worst physiological problems associated with utilizing this product do not have advantages or benefits. A complete fundamental tenets breakdown in sociable responsibility will aid such blatantly unethical global practices (Ramadan, 2007).In exportation of the Dalkon Shield, planning strategies in the context social responsibility and safety hazard is important. Exportation management fails because of factors including the current environment, feasible methods and the security system. The planning and resources must be value information. In some areas, failure of information dissemination happens automatically especially when there is a problem with the product itself or the safety and the integration of this information to a certain period. Another dimension of challenge in this kind of market environment is the complex and evolving regulations which this institution conducts business. In railway line, there are handfuls of effective strategies for t he exportation of the Dalkon Shield that may help the firm implement strategy from a global perspective. Foremost, the planning must concern with the Dalkon Shield organizational governance, with decisions making capacities, and the processes for making sure that the export decisions made are utilize properly. There are several factors for export trends including the market mass liberalization, scientific impact, and the ever changing distribution and communication and method populationwide. The safeties in the markets are increasingly becoming more important to public, multinational companies, and this phenomenon directed to ism and organizational shift of the export, explore and marketing companies. The advantage of this approach to research buying include better coordination and misrepresent of the research in many economies, research findings comparability, and better view and understanding of transnational basis in terms of the functions (Viner, 1991).The rate of dying d uring childbirth in Third World countries is extremely high, and the draw back of focusing too much on material success is the tendency to neglect ethical issues and may leap out corruption. These firms must be committed in strengthening public reliance and understanding in clinical research and biotechnological expertise in all aspects of the clinical research. Regulations on effective birth control device are better than none because all information and activities of related to this issue must be regulated through information submitted to authority. Moreover, industry related to biotech, pharmaceutical and medical device companies, as well as their regulations and legislations which involves academic organizations, colleague associations, patient groups, and the public must assures the safety and ethical considerations in clinical trials through collaboration and working with the public and their stakeholders globally to explore diverse possibilities and paradigms for contrac eptive research and development. The product of the company must promote efficient and better clinical trial process especially in developing new drugs biotechnology while demonstrating the strategic values of clinical outsourcing and reiterating the sizeableness of public contributions as partners in the new treatments and new birth control contribution (Atkinso, 2004).In this case, different laws enforces by the government and other related agencies includes reports which identifies the approved drug products approved on the basis of effectiveness and safety of their products under the Drug, Federal Food, and Cosmetic Act. In terms of controlling contraceptives and other related products, the company acquires any manufacturer to dispense by prescription medicine only with exemptions in emergency cases and is almost regulated by other sub laws. These drugs must have a warning on the designate when given out to the client. The manufacturer must comply with approved serious man ufacturing practices set by the agency. It must also have a uses naval division that presents the uses of the drug under appropriate testing so the client or patient is aware of the definite usage or application. The firm must enforces its regulations through various methods such as investigations, punishments, licenses to improve these processes and must closely monitor the companys processes in response to testing of the product for safety and capacity and to adequately label the product to avoid violations of the law (Fishbein, 2005).Q4. Compare and contrast job order and process costing. Support your answer with examples relevant academic references.The job order costing system is used for the estimation of production cost for various jobs included in specific orders of the customer. Within the organizations treating every single job as a single unit output, or when production of different products indoors a specific time, this costing system type is most important. In this r egard, it appears that firms in developing countries need to pay some attention to new techniques, so they can help their parliamentary law and their country to be able to compete in the international market by conducting studies on these new techniques, and show its advantages and disadvantages. The company should also employ job order and process costing strategy for product development on fact finding, analysis, generation of technical and management plan goals (Atkinso, 2004). cut into hours, materials, and machine hours will be different from a specific product to another and one order of the customer to the next, and may be different further in the demand that is placed inherently on hit manufacturing. One example of a specific job or customer order is customized production that might need greater resources for support than world-wide activity of production. If a firm specializes for the manufacturings were to vex a specific product patented and designed by another firm, i t may need some re-engineering process materials utilized not used in overall production, or another factor for change such as a different description or product logo. In this case, management would need to be sure that the specific customer order equates all relative costs otherwise information for product cost will not be correct. In the circumstances where the company is producing different product type within a specific period of time, job order costing system employment would also be applicable as management would require in recognizing the overall actual costs for each product. Service companies may not get benefit as much from job order and process costing as compared to other industries because their costing can be hard to assign as they may not have a visible relationship of cause and effect (Kaplan, 2007).Nowadays, tralatitious cost systems became less-traveled among companies, since these cost systems were designed long time ago for different circumstances. For example, companies used to produce a small number of products and indirect cost (overhead) was kind of small, compared to the total cost at that time overhead did not cause any problems to the managers. On the other hand, in the 1980s many companies started produce different variety of products and indirect cost started to play an important role. Therefore, the traditional cost systems are no longer desirable by managers. Managers started to think to change these systems after realizing that these systems are not reliable for managerial purposes anymore. Recently, many companies are facing a real competition in the world market, due the fact that some companies produce high quality products at low costs. For that reason managers attempts to adopt a cost system which can give them accurate information and the exact cost for each product, so managers can take right decisions at the right time (Laughlin, 1995).

Computer Guided Template-Based Dental Implant

electronic computer contributed Template-Based Dental ImplantAbstractThe introduction of enters to dentistry has overhauled more(prenominal) edentulous unhurried of ofs to take a crap a more reliable serviceable and dainty preference to fixed and removable prosthetic appliances. The best 3-dimensional smudge of the institutes secures the outdo function and esthetic of the final restoration and at the same cadence bars the biomechanical complications and failure that might take business office consequent to the wrong location of the inserts. The aim of this bulge out is to bring out the sizeableness of placing the embeds in the optimal three-D position. Computer guided template- ground engraft posture yield be discussed as a precise and foreseeable tool in the grooming and in the exe loveion of the constitute posture. The bearing is to enable the situation of the found in a way that secures the highest certain success with the least complicati ons. Materials and Methods Out of 350 down burdened relevant articles only 161 articles were chosen and referenced. The excluded articles were either written in languages another(prenominal) than English, descriptive of new-sprung(prenominal) fabrication methods of functional guides, single shimmy reports or data-establish d wiz on small try on sizeless than 5. Results Most of the revised papers be scale series or observational studies done on animals or cadavers. Even the dictatorial reviews were found on those articles. Computerized tomography (CT) and interactive software programs are proven to be important for unblemished handling plan. The accuracy of delegatering the handling plan just by the aid of CAD/CAM fabricated functional guide to the patient mouth are reported to be more certain than uninvolved ease up engraft side especially in the compromised cases. Conclusion The execute books highlighted the higher predictability, accuracy and precision of computer guided template based embed placement over conventional free hit placement precisely supporting strong evidence is lacking. Good controlled clinical studies with long full term follow up is infallible in this regard. For the clock being and with the reported high success of conventional free go on infix placement, it seems that free hand graft placement seems to be predictable at least in the hands of experts or with the uncompromised cases.IntroductionIn the 19th century many aspects of life were affected by the industrial revolution, especially in sciences and manufacturing. Dentistry was not an exception of this. that, it was in the squeamish era when the basis of modern dental care was first set. A self-aggrandising number of the evolutions in dentistry were just modifications of industrial constructs. most of such(prenominal) developments were impossible forrader the introduction and intention of electricity, which led to the invention of more compl ex mathematical operation equipments Gelbier S, 2005. Another very important development took place as a consequence of the invention and the use of computers in the various fields of dentistry Schleyer Titus K.L., 1999.Computer guided implant placement is one of the aspects that shows how dentistry has got use to the computer and its science Azari A. and Nikzad S. 2008.In fact, it is true that the cash pass on in dentistry and the increased public awareness public of the importance of keeping their teeth healthy arrive led to the decreased relative frequency of edentulism. Such declination varies not only among disparate countries but as well among the different geographic neighbourhoods within the same country and among the different groups of con stratum of different cultural and social backgrounds. However, it is predicted that in the next fewer decades, in that location organise be very low proportions of edentulism in seniorly persons (over 65 years). Teeth lea ving increases with age, this means that in the future day edentulism will continue at later stages in life Lang NP muser F. 2007 Lang N.P. De Bruyn H., 2009. In such situations and in addition to the lifelike delays in the healing of elder individuals Goodson 3rd WH Hunt TK 1979 the patients at that age will be nearly properly affected by co-morbidities and unfavorable ageing conditions want osteoporosis, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and chronic renal disease which are among the diseases that negatively affect the get up feature and consequently implant success. Some older age relate diseases like putting surfaceinsonism, Alzheimer tail affect the ability to perform adequate viva hygiene and this whitethorn lead to inflammation and mug up sacking virtually implants Roberts WE. et al.1992 Elsubeihi ES. Zarb GA. 2002 Marder MZ. 2004.For this, dental professionals need to develop their skills and to use new techniques that offer the patients with the safest, entire results and the least morbidity and to be able to manage such elder patients and their unfavorable conditions which some condemnations whitethorn preclude the placement of the implants Lang NP Muller F, 2007 Lang N.P. De Bruyn H., 2009.Back groundTraditionally, lost teeth were replaced by removable partial(p) dentures RPD, fixed partial dentures FPD and fulfil dentures in cases of full edentulism Bragger U et al 2005. Since the introduction of implants to dentistry by Branemark1977, many of the edentulous patients have been able to have more reliable functional and esthetic alternative to fixed and removable prosthetic appliancesLang N.P. De Bruyn H., 2009. The increasing Demand for implant carry restorations in the last few decades resulted in the need for new improve techniques to ensure the most proper implant position to restore the patient properly Ganz S.D,2001 .Historically the implants were placed where there is work up Kopp et al 2003. They were c onsidered self-made when integration is achieved Branemark et al.1977. However, as the functional and esthetic demands of the patients have increased importantly the success of implant- back up restorations is no more only related to the level of implant integration in the fig out but also to the proper positioning of the implants and concomitant prosthetic outcome Lal et al.2006. For this proper interference readiness has manufacture mandatory. The master(prenominal) goal of the handling plan is to place the implants in the optimal position as dictated by function and esthetics of the authorised restoration. This in turn avoids the biomechanical complications and failure that might take place subsequent to the wrong positioning of the implants Garber DA Belser UC. 1995 Kopp et al. 2003 Park et al. 2009.The aim of this project is to highlight the importance of placing the implants in the optimal three-D position. Computer guided template-based implant placement will be disc ussed as a precise and predictable tool in the prep and in the execution of the implant placement.The objectiveis to enable the placement of the implant in a way that secures the highest predictable success with the least complications.Materials and MethodsMultiple searches have been made through attainment Direct and Google Scholar. The following key words were employ with different combinations systematic review, computer-guided, computer-assisted, image-guided, robots, dental implants, complications, treatment planning, radiography, computerized tomography, accuracy, bustleless operating room, zygomatic implant, deck out parsimony, augmentation volume, immediate loading, free hand surgery, Steriolithographic templates. As the topic of computer guided implant placement is a modern topic the selected articles were limited to the articles published from the year 2000 up to 2010. However some older but relevant articles were hand searched, selected and referenced. Almost 350 ar ticles were set to be relevant to the different points to be covered in the project were downloaded after reading their abstracts it was found that many of them were either clinical case series and reports or experi amiable studies made on animals or cadavers, many of the systematic reviews were found but again nearly all of them were based on the mentioned articles. The articles of single case reports and the experimental studies with very small sample less than five size were excluded. Also, the articles that focus on the fabrication of new surgical guides were excluded. Articles in languages other than English are excluded too. Only 161 were selected and referenced in this project.ResultsMost of the revised articles concerning the accuracy of CAD/CAM template based implant placement are case series or experimental studies done on animals or cadavers. Even the systematic reviews were based on those articles. Based on the revised articles computerized tomography (CT) and interact ive software programs are proven to be important for close treatment planning. The accuracy of transferring the treatment plan precisely by the aid of CAD/CAM fabricated surgical guide to the patient mouth are reported to be more predictable than free hand implant placement especially in the compromised cases.DiscussionComplications associated with wrong(p) implant positioningMarginal bead loss and consequent mechanical and esthetic problemsThe coefficient of correlation of marginal bone loss and improper positioning of the implant is reported in the literature. The wrong angulation of the implant is usually compensated by the use of angled abutments, in this situation the load carried by the implant is mostly off- axis vertebra, such unfavorable load leads to the bone destruction around the implant and other mechanical complications like screw loosening, fracture and/or implant fracture Chun-Li Lin et al., 2005 Saab X. E. et al 2007.The improper placement labially, will lead t o thin labial bone and subsequent bone loss and gum recessionBuser D. et al. 2004, lingually, in addition to the turn of lingula bone it results in emergence problems as seen with extend-lap restorations. Such restorations are demanding to maintain and consequent inflammation and bone loss is unavoidable Tarnow DP. 1995 Belser UC. et al. 1998. The placement of the implant too close to the adjacent tooth can cause resorption of the inter-proximal alveolar crest Esposito M. et al. 1993 Thilander B. et al. 1999. If the implant is placed too far apically development extensive countersinking, the polished implant collar will come into physical contact with the bone and this in turn induces bone resorption because polished scratch does not integrate Buser D. et al. 1991a Hmmerle et al. 1996, also the micro gap will come closer to bone and unnecessary bone loss will take place. Disuse atrophy due to subnormal mechanical arousal is another explanation for bone loss around polished i mplant neck or crest modulous Al-Sayyed, A. et al. 1994 Vidyasagar L. Apse P. 2004.Nerve impairment neutered sensation of the lower lip as a result of modest alveolar nerve injury is one of the serious complications of mandibular implant osteotomies Bartling et a. 1999 Vazquez L. et al. 2007.This is especially if the magnification factor on the panoramic radiograph is misinterpreted Vazquez L. et al. 2007.The injury of the mental nerve can also lead to the same symptoms the mental foramen is an important landmark during surgical procedures in the lower premolar ambit. it is usually located at the apex of the second mandibular premolar or between apices of thetwo premolars. However, in some cases its location can metamorphose from the mandibular canine to the first molar. Unfortunately, The foramen may not have the appearance _or_ semblance on conventional two dimensional radiographs, in this condition a computerized tomography (CT) scans are important as they are more exact for the detection of the mental foramen than conventional radiographs Bartling et a. 1999 , Greenstein Tarnow, 2006.Lingual bundlethough it is rare complication, the wrong implant placement in the lower call downbone may lead to the perforation of lingual cortex with a great possibility of lingual bundle injury with a subsequent fatal bleeding and haematoma formation. Under the effect of profuse bleeding and as a result of the progressive expansion of the lingual, sublingual, sub- mandibular, and sub-mental hematomas the tongue and the floor of the mouth can be displaced leading to the rapid and complete obstruction of the airway Mordenfeld A et al. 1997 and Kalpidis Setayesh , 2004.de bouncyisation of the adjacent teethIn addition to the risk of losing the inter-proximal bone Esposito M. et al. 1993 Thilander B. et al. 1999 the placement of the implants in close proximity to the adjacent teeth may lead to the loss of the teeth vitality especially if the roots are injure durin g drilling for implant placement Jemt T. Pettersson P. 1993 Rubenstein J.E. Taylor T.D. 1997 Goodacre CJ. et al. 1999 Schwartz-Arad D. et al. 2004.Other possible rare but serious complicationsSome other rare complications can take place due to poor treatment plan and wrong implant placement like perforation of nasal and sinus floor Nahlieli O. et al 2008,injury of the submandibular and/or sublingual salivary glands Nahlieli O. et al 2008,mandibular fracture especially in osteoporotic and atrophied mandible Raghoebar G.M. et al.2000 Meijer H.J.A. et al. 2003.Criteria of optimal implant positionThe ideally placed implant should be surrounded by uniform bone volume and minginess this provides the implant with a good superfluous support against the multi directional long term loading. A minimum of more than 1 mm bone thickness is recommended to keep around the body of the implants Nancy L.C., 1993. In addition, the implant ideally should be placed in the geometric centre of the cro wn this reduces the off axis loading and prevents many of the biomechanical complications and its subsequent poor esthetic outcomes Galanis C.C et al. 2005 2007.Implant tooth outmatchA minimum of 1- 1.5 mm distance between the implant climb and the adjacent teeth needs to be respected Buser D. et al 2004. However, a 3 mm distance between the implant and an adjacent natural tooth is recommended to minimize the potential for damage to the supporting structures of the natural teeth Adell et al, 1986 hobo et al, 1989.Implant to implant distanceTo avoid bone resorption center(a) the adjacent implants a minimum of 3 mm inter-implant distance is recommended do-nothing et al, 1989 Traini et al. 2007.Implant to vital structure distanceTo avoid nerve injury during implant surgery in the mandible, some guidelines should be considered with respect to substantiating the position of the mandibular and/ or the mental foramen and to validate the front end of the prefrontal loop of the menta l nerve. These guidelines implyd leaving a 2 mm as safety device zone between the implant and the nerve. one time the safety zone is identified, implants can be placed safely and before the placement of any implant anterior to the mental foramen that is deeper than the safety zone, the mental foramen must(prenominal)iness(prenominal) be explored to verify the possibility that an anterior loop is there Buser Von Arx 2000, Greenstein Tarnow, 2006. In consideration of the risk of surgical complications during implant placement, bone grafting or other surgical procedures where risk is anticipated, a CT examination should routinely be performed before any surgical approach Ganz S.D,2001 Scaravilli MS, et al 2009 Naitoh et al. 2010.To reduce the probability of such serious complication, some preventive bankers bills should be taken before, during, and after implant placement in the anterior part of the mandible, among such measures are the awareness of the regional arterial anatom y, proper treatment planning through radiographic and clinical valuation of the osseous morphology, and the right angulation and length of the selected implant and finally the skill of the sawbones Kalpidis Setayesh , 2004.Dental CT is a valuable tool for the sound judgement of jaw bone anatomy and can easily demonstrate the occurrence, position, diameter and course of the lingual vascular distribution channels of the mandible for this, a CT examination should routinely be performed before any surgical procedure to the anterior region of the mandible to verify the presence of the mandibular lingual vascular canal MLVC and to evaluate the lingual cortical bone thickness and assiduousness to avoid perforations and the life threatening bleeding Scaravilli MS, et al 2009 Naitoh et al. 2010.Distribution of the implants in edentulous jawsIdeal implant distribution and placement is faultfinding in format to secure the optimal mechanical and esthetic outcome of the definitive restora tions as well as enabling the patients to maintain proper hygiene. The placement of the implants in the inter-proximal positions may cause problems from an aesthetic, mechanical and hygiene perspective Jivarj S., 2006. Also, the antero-posterior distribution of the implants should forgo equal distribution of load over a capacious heavens with minimal cantilever length Adell R et al. 1990 Palmqvist S et al 1994 Jivarj S., 2006. When quaternate implants are placed to retain a prosthetic appliance symmetricalness between the implants should be secured otherwise the unfavorable off-axis loading will not be avoidable Arfai N.K. Kiat-amnuay S. 2007. In the case of implant and tissue supported overdentures both implant placement and distribution become critical where the Implants have to be placed so that when a bar is constructed it has a clean line connection between the implants and does not encroach on the palatal/lingual denture bearing area. The distribution of implants shoul d also be in the way so that adequate space is lendable for the clip Jivarj S., 2006. When more force from the opposing occlusion- on the implants are anticipated more implants should be placed to share the load Jivarj S., 2006.Treatment planningUntil recently the main concern was directed to the surgical aspect of implant placement Ganz S.D, 2001. The implants were plotted to be placed where the bone is found Kopp et al 2003. The esthetic and functional outcome of the final prosthesis was not much considered Ganz S.D, 2001. The new plan of prosthetically driven treatment planning and implant placement requires careful military rank of the surgical site. In addition, it must relate the three-D location of the future prosthetic restoration to the optimal 3-D implant position. This position must be discussed and agreed on between the restorative dentist and the dental operating surgeon Garber DA Belser UC, 1995, Kopp et al 2003 Park et al. 2009.In the early eld dentists who wer e believing in this concept prosthetic driven were mostly dependant on conventional radiography, wax-up prostheses and/or surgical templates made on the dangerous stony surfaces of the study casts, and to overcome the problem of transferring the plan to the operative site, customized radiographic and surgical templates have become an integral part of treatment (Becker CM Kaiser DA. 2000, Almog DM et al.2001. Very soon later, it was found that the hard surface of casts is not equal to the soft tissue surface of the oral cavity, and this method may not be as accurate as necessary for treatment purposes. Additionally, it was established that templates fabricated on the study cast without knowledge of the precise anatomy below the surface cannot be considered reliable Lal K. et al. 2006 and Widmann G collect JR 2006.The traditional tools for the treatment planning of dental implants include detailed clinical examination, panoramic, cephalometric and peri-apical x-ray films, diagnos tic wax-up and articulated study models. Other diagnostic aid may include photography and ridgepolepole purpose technique for the estimation of the implant bone sites. Advanced diagnostic tools such as tomography, digital radiography, and CT scan film allow for a more accurate pre-surgical evaluation sites Traxler M. 1992, Tyndall D. A. et al. 2000, Flanagan D. 2001, Ganz S.D,2001, Perez A.M. et al 2005, Guerrero M. E. 2006, Chen Lung-Cheng 2008, Loubele M. et al 2008. assume modelsAccurately mount casts are critical in assessing prosthetic and inter-occlusal space limitations. Spatial constraints must be considered as a matter of practicality Jivraj S et al 2006. Study casts are also valuable tool to evaluate occlusion Hayasaki et al. 2005 and to help in the treatment planning through diagnostic wax- up Katsoulis J. et al. 2008. Moreover, radiographic and surgical templates can be constructed out of such study models Lal K.et al. 2006 Katsoulis J. et al. 2008 Rubio-Serrano M. et al 2008.Bone soundingNo doubt that the direct measurement DM of the ridge size is the most accurate diagnostic tool. However, treatment planning especially in the big cases calls for collecting information before surgery. This saves time and money, avoids the unexpected complicated surgeries like harvesting bone for ridge augmentation and increases the predictability of the treatment. When ridge mapping RM is compared to direct measurement DM of the ridge size and to running(a) tomography LT cone beam computerized tomography CBCT ridge mapping RM seems to be the most reliable pre- operative clinical method to determine the ridge size Perez L.A. 2005 Chen L.C. 2008., linear tomography is reported to underestimate the ridge size Perez L.A. 2005 while cone beam computerized tomography is reported to overreckoning the ridge measurements Chen L.C. 2008.However, ridge mapping is not only an incursive procedure but also a difficult to use in the cases of shallow labial and/or li ngual vestibules. Additionally, in ridge mapping the actual position of the inferior alveolar nerve cannot be confirm Perez L.A. 2005 Chen L.C. 2008.Conventional two dimensional radiographyActually, conventional 2-D radiography panoramic, cephalometric and intraoral views, which is widely used for the treatment planning, has important diagnostic limitations, such as magnification and distortion, setting errors and position artifacts Tyndall D.A. Brooks S.L. 2000 White SC et al, 2001. Moreover, these 2-D radiographs do not show lingual anatomy or provide complete three dimensional (3-D) information about the dental arch Nikzad and Azari. 2008 . These limitations make the 2-d radiography is less than optimal tool for the diagnosis and treatment planning of dental implants where according to recommendations provided by The American Academy of Oral and maxillofacial Radiology (AAMOR), The aim of the preoperative dental implant treatment planning is to place the optimum number and si ze of implants to secure the best prosthetic outcome. This can be achieved only if a thorough knowledge of the patients bony anatomy in 3- dimensions is provided in the radiographic examination .Proper treatment planning requires that the clinician evaluate the suitability of the remaining bone for placement of implants. The clinician must determine if there is enough upper side, density, width of bone, and an appropriate axis of penchant for a successful prosthetic outcome Tyndall D.A. Brooks S.L 2000 White SC et al, 2001.CT scanningAlthough Computerized Tomography CT scans have been used in the medical field since 1973 it was not before 1987 when this new engine room became available for dental purpose Ganz S.D, 2001. In implant dentistry Computerized Tomography CT scan is one of the most important diagnostic tools which significantly amend the clinicians ability to diagnose and to put accurate treatment plan because it helps in viewing the anatomy and dental related anomalie s of the jaws Dula K. et al. 1994 Abrahams JJ Berger SB,1998 AbrahamsJ.J. Hayt M.W.,1999 Lal K. et al. 2006and in the proper option of implant size and angulation and this in turn helps to avoid injury of critical structures such as the mandibular canal or maxillary sinus Ganz S.D,2001 Scaravilli MS, et al 2009 Naitoh et al. 2010.Moreover the CT scan allows the visualization of the scanned jaw bone in a series of cross sectional, axial and panoramic views .This makes the planning of implant placement more precise in relation to the bone and future prosthesis especially when the a radiographic template scano-guide is used during scanningLal K.et al. 2006 Rubio-Serrano M. et al 2008 .However CT scan by itself is nothing but series of axial and coronal 2-D images and the clinician needs to integrate such images in his mind to gain the desired information in 3-D Gillespie J.E. Isherwood I.1986. synergetic software programsThe present development of clinical computer applications all ows the clinicians to obtain 3-D models to plan virtually real situations Rubio-Serrano M. et al 2008.Interactive computer software is now increasingly used as a tool for implant diagnosis, planning and treatment execution. Firstly, it is used in connection with visualize techniques, such as computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Hassfeld S, Mhling J 2001. Secondly, it is used for the construction of surgical templates carrying the information necessary to transfer that planning to the mouth of the patient. In most of the cases, this procedure is based on stereolithographic models Ewers R . et al 2005 Ganz S.D. 2005 , Schneider D. et al 2009 . There are different commercialized soft ware programs are available, such as Implametric, SimPlant Ganz S.D. 2005 Parel SM Triplett RG 2004, Nobel Guide Rocci A et al. 2003, med3D Engelke W Capobianco M. 2005, etc. Most of the programs display an axial cut and a panoramic cut with multiple bucco-lingual cuts p arasagittal and reformatted 3-D image Parel SM Triplett RG 2004. In the 3D image, bony structures are visualized with the possibility of incorporating other anatomical structures or even soft tissues Schneider D. et al 2009.Bone densityOne of the good tools in the software programs is the ability to evaluate the bone density quality during the analysis of CT data. The importance of bone quality density for the success of dental implants is agreed on in the literature Jemt T, Lekholm U 1995 Esposito M et al 1998 Shahlaie et al 2003 Park et al 2008.As suggested by Lindh et al.1996 Site-specific measurements are important, not only for a general prediction of treatment prognosis but also in the evaluation of how long of an legal separation between first- and second-stage surgical procedure and loading is needed Friberg B et al 1991,1995a 1995b. Moreover, to have accurate preoperative measurements of the bone density helps in avoiding the placement of the implants in the areas of p oor quality Norton M.R. and Gamble C. 2001 Shahlaie et al 2003.The strong correlation between the average CT number and the concentration of hydroxyapatite in bone is reported Maki et al 1997, and the quantitative CT in Hounsfield units HU are veritable as a valuable supplement to the subjective bone density classification defined by Lekholm and Zarb 1985. The Hounsfield index is a standardized racing shell for reporting the reconstructed CT values. It is a measure of the attenuation coefficient which varies among different tissues, it is based on the density of air (-1000),water (0) and dense bone(1000) Shapurian T. et al. 2006. Misch CE 1993 verbalize that the bone density measurements using CT scan is more accurate than radiographic assessment. And he classified bones into 5 categories according to density D1 bone had density above 1250 HU D2 = 850-1250 HU D3 = 350-850 HU D4 = 150-350 HU and D5, below150 HU. For this, the use of CT scanning and interactive software programs is considered as a viable and accurate method to measure bone density Norton M.R. and Gamble C. 2001 Shahlaie et al 2003.Recently, efforts in the oral imaging field have focused on developing tools that accurately and automatically measure bone density by measurements of x-ray absorption de Oliveira R. C. G. et al. 2008. thank to such efforts, now the CT images in DICOM Digital Imaging and communications in Medicine format contain the necessary data of bone density which enables the different software programs can measure it Norton M.R. and Gamble C. 2001 Park et al 2008.Bone graft volumeAccurate evaluation of the 3-D bone volume before surgery is another advantage of the use of soft ware programs in the treatment planning in implant dentistry. The lack of enough bone volume frequently precludes the conventional implant placement. In this condition the bone volume needs to be better by different augmentation techniques and /or materials Esposito M. et al, 2008.The detailed informati on about the needed bone volume before surgery is of much help in determining the best donor site Krennmair G. et al 2006 Verdugo F. et al 2009 and can help in estimating the amount and costs of the xenographic bone substitute required for the augmentation surgeryClavero J. Lundgren S. 2003. Moreover, knowing the needed bone volume in advance helps in minimizing the duration of the surgery and this in turn minimizes the chances of complications and reduces the expenses for the patients Cricchio G. Lundgren S.2003. The computerized tomography CT can produce series of accurate cross sectional images and by the aid of soft ware programs like Simplant Materialise, Leuven, Belgium the 3-D volume of area to be augmented can be calculated Hatano N. et al. 2004 Krennmair G. et al. 2006.Flapless implant surgeryPredictable flapless implant surgery is one of the fruits of the application of modern technology like CT scan, interactive software programs and CAD/CAM fabricated surgical guides Sclar A.G. 2007. Minimal invasive surgery techniques are applied to a wide variety of interventions. The main aim is to reduce the costs of the treatment and patient healing time Rubio-Serrano M et al 2008 Valente F. et al 2009.The traditional implant protocol set by Branemark requires a duration of a few months for osseointegration of the endosseous implants before the connection of definitive dental prostheses Adell R. et al 1981 Branemark PI 1983 Lindquist LW et al 1996. When compared with the surgical phases, implant prosthesis fabrication is relatively time down Rodrigues AH et al, 2003.When implants are placed without flap elevation, both the amount of osseointegration and bone height around the implants are significantly greater than in implants placed with flap elevation. This enhancement is most probably due to the preservation of bone vascularization Pennel B.M. et al 1967 Wilderman M.N et al. 1970 Jeong S-M et al 2007. Moreover, the small sized punched mucosa lead to sm all, clean, unlikable wounds are known to heal quickly with little scar formation, whereas large open wounds heal slowly and with significant scarring Mathes S.J.,2006 Lee D-H et al. 2009.18 D.C. Sabiston and H.K. Lyerly, Textbook of previous(prenominal) termsurgery,next term Saunders, The biological basis of modern surgical practice. Philadelphia (1997) p. 207-20.Recently, the use of flapless surgery for implant placement has become popular. This can be attributed to its numerous advantages that include improved patient comfort and healing, decreased surgical time, and the ability to add up normal hygiene procedures immediately following surgery. However, the flapless approach is only indicated when the surgeon is confident that the underlying osseous anatomy is ideal relative to the intend implant size and its 3-D position in the alveolus. If this is not the case many problems may arise like injury of the unseen vital structures, thermal damage secondary to inadequate irrigat ion during osteotomy preparation, malposed angle or depth of implant placement, and inability to appropriately contour osseous topography to relieve restorative procedures Sclar A.G. 2007 Van De Velde T. et al. 2007. For this, the use of the conventional flapless implant placement should be limited to clinicians with advanced clinical experience and good surgical assessment Sclar A.G. 2007.By no

A strategic analysis of Estee Lauder

A strategical synopsis of Estee laudatorIn the world of moving in today, where tilt is unriv solelyed of the major challenges that every validation is facing, the need for strategic planning and epitome arises. These be inseparable for the survival of an boldness as hale as determining the direction in which an enterprise is going in congener to its surround in align to fulfil a competitive emolu custodyt by formulating a competitive strategy. It is alpha that an ar figurement grabs every chance that is coming along its way, and responds to any risks and limitations presented by the outer environment.In come out for an organisation to make and take correct decisions, it requires an agreement and knowledge around the impact the environment can score on the organisation. This is strategic management. It is so most-valuable not only to look at what is best for the organisation, just as well to take the of necessity of sh beholders into consideration. For in effect(p) strategic management, it is eventful to exhaust a strategic psychodepth psychology. The reason for an analysis is because the issues that atomic number 18 world analysed are often quite complex even if there may be enough information available Fleisher. C Bensoussan .B (2002).This study is organised as fol unhopefuls Chapter two defines grievous terms which will suffice in the come on savvy of this study. Chapter cardinal introduces the club Estee lauder. Chapter four evaluates the strategic analysis of Estee laudator by looking at techniques, models and processes, and chapter five concludes.Chapter 2Strategic depth psychologyThis is where a strategy is formulated by carrying out a look on the organisation and the moving in environment in which the organisation ope pass judgment (BNET bank line Dictionary.)However, Professor Les Worrall defined it as,a theoretically informed understanding of the environment in which an organisation is operating, togethe r with an understanding of the organisations interaction with its environment in ensnare to correct organisational efficiency and effectiveness by increasing the organisations depicted object to deploy and redeploy its resources intelligently.2.1 Strategic modelManagers must take in to account three major factors when strategic decisions are madeThe shareholders expectations and objectives it is important that organisations are clear about their long-term objectives. However, due to factors that an organisation does not behave any control over may influence the organisation to change its objectives, consequently conflicting with the shareholders. Therefore, management must know how to oblige the shareholders expectations while setting the objectives of the organisation.Available resources for an organisation to achieve its objective Depending on the strengths and weaknesses of organisations resources, the firm can pursue its strategies. However, these may change with the pre vailing environment. quantity environment within which the organisation operates Forecasting what the early may become is a difficulty that managers face, because the environment is uncertain. This factor a same(p) has an influence on what strategy can be pursued.Taking individually of the above three factors into consideration is known as strategic analysis.2.2 Aim of strategic analysisIt understands an organisations strategic position. Strategic analysis forms a view of the key influences on the present and prospective well-being of the organisation and what opportunities are afforded by the environment and the competencies of the organisation Baily. P, Farmer. D, Jessop. D, Jones. D (2005).2.3 Importance of strategic analysis.Strategic analysis is important in providing an organisation with miserlyingful insights and with a clear framework so as to prepare itself for change. Its importance lies in evaluating expressions and trends for the organisation. It is also importan t in the identification and assessment of the opportunities available to the organisation Fleisher. C Bensoussan .B (2002). It also helps the organisation understand its strategic position by providing information such(prenominal) as what is happening in the business environment and industry, and what competencies should be developed so as to sojourn competitive.It gives the description of strategic goals and the firms business strategy. Strategic analysis also leads to goals that are clear and relevant, helps in the taking of decisions with better bore, and provides a secure future by preparing the organisation with what may happen in the future.Strategic managementThis is a process of making and implementing strategic decisions. The organisation must also analyse the competencies already present in the organisation. These competencies help in formulating strategies. The process should consist of the following elementsThe analysis of a strategy- apprehensiveness the changes go ing on in the environment in which the organisation exits, and how these advert the organisation, its activities, its strength of resources and the expectation of stake holders, also analysing competitor strategies through assumptions, boil downsing on weaknesses and threats.The choice of strategy- This is concerned with all the possible causes of action which may be taken. Eliminating out many early(a) strategies chosen, and putting in order of importance.An evaluation of each of the causes identified- The selection of those which the organisation must attempt to follow, and and so discuss at length the strategies short-listed.Implementation of selected planned strategy- This is turned into an effective caused action. Discuss on implementing, precisely not actual implementation.2.4 Importance of strategic managementIt is a planned process that needs to be followedIts considers the future and anticipates what it could bringIt increases organisational egression as it brings in opportunitiesIt also looks at the threats the external environment may poses and flora on how to get rid or manage theseHelps companies remain stable by foreseeing what the future may bring.Chapter 33.1An Organization is a consciously coordinated social entity, with a comparatively identifiable boundary, that functions on a relatively conscious basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals. Richard, (2002)Estee lauder was founded in 1946. It is a worldwidely recognised caller-up, whose headquarter is in New York, but is in over 140 countries. It manufactures and marketplace places hair premeditation products, fragrances, uncase care and makeup. The confederacy has 29 brands, some of which are Estee laudator, Clinique, M.A.C, Aramis, Bobbi Brown, Darphin and many more. Estee extoller is technologically locomote and has a reputation for innovation, superior quality and sophistication.3.2 Estee Lauders systemKoontz and ODonnell describes strategy as a decision about how to use available resources to secure a major objective in the face of possible obstructions.such as competitors, earthly concern opinion, legal status, taboos and similar forces.Their strategy is to cause a diversified business base, which they believe will strongly boost up their increase globally. Their focus is to remain a distinguished leader in the global prestigiousness cosmetics. Their three essential ingathering strategies areTheir geographic presence should be expanded and strengthenedTheir product categories should also be strengthenedTheir transmit of distribution should also be strengthened and diversifiable.3.3 Vision MissionA beau mondes mission and vision is for its employees and clients. The Mission defines and reflects the company, its core purposes, its values and principles. The vision however, provides an insure of the future.The Vision Statement of Estee LauderBringing the best to everyone we touch. By The best, we mean the best products, the best peop le and the best ideas. These three pillars have been the hallmarks of our partnership since it was founded by Mrs. Estee Lauder in 1946. They remain the foundation upon which we continue to build our success today.3.4 ObjectivesThey are energetic, innovative and first for customersPower endeavour to do our very best and enhance the companys leadership throughout the world make strong global brands through innovative delivery of products and increase revenues looking at after our people so they can look after our customers understand customers better than anyone and Use our strengths to deliver unbeatable value to our customersBusiness relationships through distribution channels, reaching the customers globallyTrust and respect each other3.5 ScopeAccording to Mintzberg and Quinn there are five definitions of strategyStrategy as a planStrategy as a patternStrategy as a positionStrategy as a perspectiveStrategy as a ployEstee Lauder adoptedPlanEstee Lauder has good planning and they strongly believe all their success is all because of its planning.PerspectiveEstee Lauders perspective was to increase its company growth globally by 2008. This was achieved mainly because of the international business, mainly from rising markets such as China and India.Chapter 44 Estee Lauders External environment analysis4.1 PESTEL Analysis for Estee LauderPESTEL analysisis the external analysis of the unalike macro-environmental factors that a business must consider. Kotler (1998)The PEST analysis is a useful whoreson for understanding the position, potential and direction for a business as well as the market growth or decline.The radical and ongoing changes occurring in society create an uncertain environment and have an impact on the function of the whole organization Tsiakkiros, (2002). Hence the analysis of the macro-environment is very important to identify factors which could chance on various variables and arrangements within the organisation.Macro-environmental analys is assist Estee Lauder management to increase its attentiveness of appropriate environmental changes thus improve strategic planning by enriching its industrial and market analysis. The PESTEL analysis in addition to Porters Five specialty model and SWOT can be applied by an organization to review its strategic direction. These have been discussed below. governmental factorsThe policy-making environment within which an organisation exists has far reaching consequences. The political environment most obviously operates at National level, but may also be significant at local and international levels. Estee Lauder gives direction to countries through the way they exert control over the economy. Estee Lauder should not only be cognisant with the politics of a country, but also with the media, industry and labour leaders. The following political factors can propel the business environmentLevel of government involvement in businessStabilityLiberalisationTaxationCo-operation and integra tion, e.g. EUEconomical factorsThis is concerned with the record and direction of the economy in which a firm operates. Estee Lauder looks at the interplay of market forces that dictate the state of the economy and implications on both commercial message and non-commercial organisations. Prices vary from brand to brand and product to product, but these are commonly in the eminenter ranges of an industry. The factors includeExchange ratesInterest ratesSpending powerInflation and employmentSocio, Cultural FactorsThe socio cultural influences on businesses vary internationally. These affect a societys basic values, perceptions, preferences and behaviours. It is vital that such factors are considered if an organization wants to achieve its proposed objectives. Factors includeThe dominance of the religionEducation and vox populiThe impact of language upon the diffusion of products onto marketsWhen do customers have time for obtainThe roles of men and women within society and depend ing upon that the products should be launchedEstee Lauder has received customer complaints devotioning the fact that new products are being tested on animals first. They have to look into this matter as it can pose serious issues with the customers.technical factors much and more businesses are affected by technology. Technological factors affect the operations of the firm since technological changes serve to avoid obsolesce and to gain ground innovation of relevant techniques in the industry. Estee Lauder has rapid technological changes in its products, and these products can be main courseed online via the internet. Some technological factors areIT rapid growthInnovationGovernment spending on researchNew discoveries and schoolingsR D expenditureProduct life cycleEnvironmental FactorsThese factors are also known as the Natural factors. These factors help Estee Lauder in showing strategic doubts and their worth in the predicting and planning processes using environmental aspects . There have been emissions of calumnious gases and fluorocarbons, which Estee Lauder must take care of as it is and environmental threat. Its increases the significance of the following factorsShortage of raw tangibleIncreased pollutionIncreased governmental interventionLegal FactorsEstee Lauder functions within a structure of Government regulations and legislations. These laws and regulations should be considered when running businesses prod laws and industrial relationsMunicipal licensesFormationTaxationCompetition procure and patent lawsMinimum wages laws and Employment lawdemographic FactorsThese factors may also exist under the macro-environmental factors. Following factors must are considered with regard to the key Demographic trends by Estee LauderWorld population growthChanging householdGeographic population shiftsBetter-educated, more white-collar work forceIncreasing DiversityChanging age structurePopulation consists of generational groups.Distinct segments typically ex ist within these generational groups.4.2 Porters Five Force ModelThis model evaluates a companys competitive position. Any business works to develop an edge over its rival firms. This model helps in the understanding of the industry context in which Estee Lauder operates. Below is a diagrammatic representation of the model.http//www.maxi-pedia.com/Five+Forces+model+by+Michael+PorterBarriers to entryThis is low in the case of Estee Lauder as it has made its position clean strong and hence new entrants will not pose a threat to it as it will be difficult for these to enter into the market as the barriers are pretty high. They also have good access to their distribution channels and the correct knowledge of the segments they are operating in.SubstitutesThis is also low in the case of Estee Lauder. Customers have built a customer loyalty. Estee Lauder also provides the best quality products whose performance is to the mark as is the name, thence threat of substitutes will be low.Barg aining power of suppliersThe suppliers would have a low bargaining power as Estee Lauder is a huge brand and the volume of goods required from the suppliers around the world is also huge. There would be very many suppliers willing to supply such a company, hence it is important for the suppliers to provide the company with what they require and something that is quaint from its competitors.Bargaining power of buyersThis is high as buyers can intimately belabor to other big brands as the number of these brands present in the market segment is high. However, due to customer loyalty to the brand, it does not face more of this as it provides its buyers with what they want and how they want it.Competitive RivalryThis is high in the case of Estee Lauder. Its major competitors are Avon, LOreal, PG, Max Factor, Revlon, etc. Estee Lauder therefore needs to have constant innovation of its products so as to stay ahead of competition. There are various brands under the company, therefore, i t is important that the range of price is good and they can differentiate their products well without customers facing high switching comprises.Estee Lauder created the line designed for men in 1976. It was called skin supplies for men (Estee Lauder 2003a). Avon, Max Factor and Revlon did not have men lines.4.3 SWOT analysis for Estee LauderA SWOT analysis is important as a clear basis is provided to examine the performance of a business. It is also very important for the products a company offer, as it is essential in the branding and marketing of the company products. This model helps in the understanding of the firm and its surroundings.InternalStrengthsWeaknessesStrong brand nameResearch and development focusStrong distribution networkRobust revenue and dinero growth salesWeak liquidity positionCustomer submergingWeak performance in a few marketsExternalOpportunitiesThreatsDemographic trends in the United StatesCosmetics markets in emerging nationsGrowing riches- Rich acquir e wealthierCounterfeit productsIntense competitionIncreasing regulationsStrengthsThe brand name, Estee Lauder itself is a strength. The name is linked to quality and luxury. The company is also a global licensee for other big brands like Tommy Hilfiger, Donna Karen, etc. Estee Lauder leads in each market segment in the industry as it develops new products, redesigns actual ones and identifies and considers consumer preferences.It has a large network of retail. This therefore increases the market incursion opportunities and creates thrift to target customers. It has a strong management strategic perspective, and is also having a great growth. It also has various innovations such as offering shop via the internet (it was the first major cosmetic firm to have offered shop via the internet.)WeaknessesThe company bargaining power could be lowered by it concentrating on a single biggest client. They also have a poor cost structure in some areas, hence a decline in the performance of sa les in certain regions. The company could be receptive to the debt market due to low liquidity levels, and this could thus affect the company growth. It is the Family members that have most of the power over the company. The companys organisational structure is not easily distinguished. In America, there are particularly lower sales in the fragrance category.OpportunitiesEstee Lauder targets aged people and therefore makes products to suit these people. Its revenues could be boosted by having a strong and great presence in its segments, thus also increasing growth. The cosmetics markets are doing good in emerging markets like India and China, as there are many beauty contests that take place. This cosmetics market is growing due to younger and middle aged women that are being more style conscious. Estee Lauder is also well positioned in these emerging markets. There is also a demand in the luxury goods. More money is spent on these goods. Therefore, the needs of these wealthy peopl e are also taken into consideration, and products made to meet their needs and wants.ThreatsMany alter products are being sold, thus affecting Estee Lauders sales. This can lead to the company losing its exclusivity of the brand. This could thus harm the image of the company. Customers may also be displease with these products as the fake product may harm them, thus the company would lose out on customers. Many big brands such as Revlon, LOreal, would increase competition in the market. The government may also visit certain rules and regulations on the products saying that the product has high levels of chemicals which are harmful to people. This may thus lead to an increase in the cost of developing the products and also in the launching of the products.Chapter 5ConclusionBusinesses are different in many ways therefore every organisation needs to have a business plan, which needs to be reviewed in order to keep it up to date. The plan at Estee Lauder is articulated by corporate leaders, who give the organisation direction, so as to avoid a strategic drift. They create a vision of a possible future that allows both the managers and others to see clearly the direction to take, building upon the companys current substance and strength.To gain competitive edge and analyze the external environment, Estee Lauder could bring forward use the Value chain, BCG growth model and scenario analysis for its strategic analysis. Recommended strategies that Estee Lauder could use are Forward, backward, horizontal integration, product and market development, market penetration and more diversification. Estee Lauder took the approach of providing great customer service, great quality and staff ownership, hence making it different from the rest.ReferencesAdvanced Diploma in Business Administration Corporate strategy Syllabus.Baily. P, Farmer. D, Jessop. D, Jones. D (2005). Purchasing Principles and Management. Pearson Education. FT Prentice Hall.Fleisher. C Bensoussan .B ( 2002). Strategic and competitive analysis Methods and techniques for analysing business competition (Prentice Hall, 2002)Johnson and Scholes . Exploring Corporate Strategy (Prentice Hall, 1999)Richard H.(2002) Organizations. 8th Edition. India Prentice Hall India. p.189GLL Brochure and snuff it bookWeb referenceshttp//www.auburn.edu/boultwr/html/strategic_analysis_model.htm (accessed on 21th November 2010).http//dictionary.bnet.com/definition/Strategic+Analysis.html (accessed on 21th November 2010).http//www.maxi-pedia.com/Five+Forces+model+by+Michael+Porter(accessed on 21th November 2010).http//www.fragrancewholesale.com/somhisbacofe.html (accessed on 23th November 2010).http//hubpages.com/hub/Importance-of-Strategic-Management (accessed on 23th Novenber 2010)http//www.toponereport.com/why-you-need-a-swot-analysis/ (accessed on 23th November 2010).http//www.is4profit.com/business-advice/business-/swot-analysis.html?gclid=CNWztveJvaUCFUUe4QodhWttXw (accessed on 24th November 2010). http//www.freeonlineresearchpapers.com/estee-lauder-executive-summary (accessed on 24th November 2010).http//www.fragrancewholesale.com/somhisbacofe.html (accessed on 24th November 2010).http//www.elcompanies.com/the_company/executive_messages.php(accessed on twenty-fifth November 2010).http//www.netmba.com/strategy/pest/(accessed on 25th November 2010).http//www.slideshare.net/guest78d8ca/sm-case-jisha-remya2 (accessed on 25th November 2010).

Is Profit Maximization Consistent With Wealth Maximization Finance Essay

Is Profit Maximization Consistent With wealthiness Maximization pay EssayThe objective of the quick is to deem proceedss by shock the take of stakeholders. Generally, ceteris paribus, the objective of the squiffy is to maximize its ultimate jimmy finished gain ground maximation, while incurring the lowest costs. Basically, the ultimate objective of the steadfastly is to shoot level best turn a profits and wealth for its sh beholders. It is definitive to n matchless that, the prize of the firm is signified by the animate mart prices of the corporations common acquit market. In this respect, the maximization of the sh arholders wealth is enhanced by the acquiring of maximum profits at the lowest level of expenditure. As it has been revealed, there exists a truly(prenominal) strong co-relation between profit maximization and wealth maximization, where apiece of them forms part of the objective of the firm. In this case, the total earnings do not re introduce the ultimate value of the corporation hardly the profits accumulated from the employed resources. Generally, any firm would be run towards acquirement of tall profits which re hold its actual wealth for its sh beholders (Westerfield 23-75). Firms exist to hit the needs of stakeholders and to provide an streamlined way of producing in a non-price environment. Firms exist to meet the needs of the populace in an high-octane and a sustainable manner.2. Is profit maximization consistent with wealth maximization? Why or wherefore not?Profit maximization is not consistent with wealth maximization. It has nigh draw punts and cannot be apply for effective evaluation on the performance of the firm.On the different hand, wealth maximization, which is also known as the net present worth of a firm can be used to measure the performance of the firm.Wealth maximization is seen as more comprehensive and blue-ribbon(prenominal) than profit maximization. Profit maximization deals with minimi zing short term profits and is not forward-looking. Again, the profit maximization objective does not actor in sentence value of money considerations. Therefore wealth maximization is superior because it is a yearn term objective and considers the time value of money by throw outing hard currency flows to the present time. Additionally, wealth maximization considers uncertainty by discounting at the required aim of return and considering the other stakeholders of the firm.Profit MaximizationWealth MaximizationIt is not clear on when the profit is counted as profit whether this should be before or after tax. Another uncertainty involves the semipermanent or short-term profit. Short term profit can be foregone by avoiding some expenditure but in the long run, these expenditures engage to be paid for. Therefore long term profit has to be considered, and not short term profit.Wealth maximization shows the present value of benefits minus the cost of the investment.Profit maximiz ation does not factor in in risk. Different objects have different degrees of risk of future earnings. A project with fluctuating earnings is not the same as one with certainty earnings. By not looking at the risk factor of projects, profit maximization cannot be used for the operational objective of the firm.luck is considered in wealth maximization as the discounted order used to limit the present value of future cash flows factors in the risk.Lastly, profit maximization does not factor in the time value of money. A one dollar bill fatigued today is not equivalent to the same dollar spent tomorrow. Cash drawn from a project in different eld is considered the same, which is not realistic.Wealth maximization considers the time value of money as the cash drawn from a project in different long time argon not the same. The discounted tramp that determines the present value of future cash flows shows both risk and time.3. Describe the three main conclusivenesss in corporal Fi nanceThe three main decisions in Corpo order Finance atomic number 18(a) Investment Decision (Allocation)There atomic number 18 two key questions that be looked into when a firm wants to found an investment.What is a good investment? The firm looks at the various investment options in the market, for instance real kingdom investments or carnations investments. The risk involved and the returns to be gained.Where will the firms resources be invested? Here, it is valuable that the firm does not put all their resources into one basket. For instance, the firm may decide to invest a certain percentage of their resources in every stocks or real estate.Further, the pattern and the level of investment would be fixed in which each investment plan is evaluated on the risks involved in concert with its ultimate returns expected. It is fundamental to note that, the pattern of investment would still be an important factor to consider since each individual plan of investment would be ac companied with its benefits and risks.(b) Financing DecisionPrimarily, the monetary decision considers where the firm would raise the funds for these investments. Will the firm use the shareholders/owners funds or borrow from the bank? The mix of equity and debt is what is considered in the backing decision. When, where and how to acquire the money to meet the firms needs.In this case, the finance managers ought to decide on the financing strategy of the firm, in which the evaluation of various sources of finance to cater for the cart track of firms activities would be made. Basically, each source of roof would be evaluated with the level of interests to be paid for the amount of money acquired.Capital Structure Modigliani y milling machine (1958) how much should a firm borrow?(c) Dividend DecisionThe dividend decision is bear on with how much of the firm profits should be given to the shareholders, and how much of it should be reinvested. A dividend policy should be determin ed. the dividends decision would be made in order to determine the amount of the profits to be ploughed back into the firm depending on the amount of profits made (Westerfield 23-75).Dividend policy Modigliani y Miller (1961) another irrelevance propositionAnother finance decision worth mentioning is the liquidity decision, whereby a firm looks at how to manage functional capital and its components.4. What is a burial vault rate? Why is it important?to a fault known as the cut off rate, the burial vault rate is the minimum expected return a firm will consider in accepting investment decisions. If a firms proposal own internal rate of return, r, is greater than the minimum rate of return, k, then it is acceptable. The r is internal to the project while the k (hurdle rate) is external to the project. The hurdle rate is used to make a decision based on the Internal Rate of upshot (IRR) method which takes into account the cash flows occurring at different times and adjusts them match to the time value of money.The hurdle rate is very important as it enhances the planning of the investment patterns and levels since the firm establishes investment patterns which would the highest possible minimum returns. Basically, hurdle rate determines on how to acquire investment capitals as those capital sources with very high interest place would not be stintingal to choose. The hurdle rate represents the internal rate of return of any investment since the finance manager would be in a position to decide on various allocation within the firm, on the basis of the hurdle rate set in the firm.5. What are the main components of a discount rate?The discount rate is the rate at which money values are discounted at various times, within an investment period. Discount rates are comprised of three main components which include the interest rate of money, level of pomposity and risk premiums involved. More specifically, the interests rates at which money capital is allocated c omprises of the discount rates in any projected investment project. Specifically, the interest rate of money is the return got from delaying consumption. More so, the level of inflation in the plain determines the value of money. This is because the level of inflation determines the purchasing power of money, which represents the ultimate value of money. Lastly, risks involved in the investment venture are another important component of the discount rate. Generally, highly risky business ventures would always have high discount rates. In this respect therefore, it would be very important for the finance manager to determine the discount rates to be used in the calculation of the cash-flows in the business venture (Westerfield 23-75).6. Define the efficacious Market HypothesisEfficient market meditation is an investment self-assertion that postulates that, financial markets are efficient in providing education about the market returns from any form of investment. More specifical ly, in efficient market hypothesis, investors are controlled by the existing market conditions in terms of the financial constancy or conditions of the money market. It is important to note that, inflation level and economic conditions of the country determines a lot on the readiness of the financial randomness given by the market in terms of money interests and capital returns. In this regard, investors need to evaluate their investment ventures on the basis of the existing conditions or the information got from the financial markets which are considered to be the completed in providing financial information (Higgins 12-43).7. Describe the three forms of efficiencyThe 3 forms of efficiency are the strong-form efficiency, semi-strong efficiency and weak-form efficiency. In the form weak-form efficiency, all the information in the past stock-price fluctuations is totally shown in the present prices. This means that, the information provided is to equate the current price levels with the past prices.The semi-strong form involves the reflection of all in public available data about the current prices in the market. In this form, there is some information that is withheld among the investors but most of the information is availed to the general public.On the other hand, the strong-form of efficiency in the market reflects all relevant information in the money market, whether withheld or publicly available. Here, the investors have the opportunity to explore in-depth all the trends of the money market in order to make trustworthy information about their investment (Westerfield 23-75).8. What is the difference between expert analytic thinking and rudimentary Analysis?Technical AnalysisFundamental AnalysisTechnical analysis is an appraisal strategy in the money market that looks at the price movements in the market in order to establish their security levels for investors to decide on how to choose their investment plans.Fundamental analysis on the other hand refers to the economic factors facing the money market in which each of the statement is presented in financial statements as opposed to skillful analysis which uses using charts.Technical analysts usually use information set up in charts and graphs to determine the financial worth of the company.Generally, fundamental analysis determines the ultimate value of the company by examining its financial statements like balance sheets and income statements among others. technological analysts use shorter periods of time in their determination of the worth of the companyFundamental analysis involves a log period of time in which the financial worth of the business ought to be devised using subsequent fiscal periods but not one periodInformation derived from (Higgins 12-43)9. Do you believe markets are efficient?I believe that markets are not as efficient as economists reveal that they are. The major reason is because various market conditions are controlled by external factors which they have no control over them. In this respect, it would be difficult to determine the efficiency of the market or to call up the conditions of the market on considerations that, these external factors are also controlled by other forces. For instance, markets are often controlled by inflation rates and interest rates which are factors beyond the control of the market itself. On this consideration, it would be very important for any investor to note the unpredictability of the markets in order to make appropriate investments. There is no perfect information in the market. It is on this basis therefore that I believe that markets are not efficient at all (Westerfield 23-75).10. Efficient Market HypothesisWhich of the following statements are true if the efficient market hypothesis holds?a. It implies that future events can be forecast with perfect accuracy.b. It implies that prices reflect all available information.c. It implies that security prices adjustment for no discernible reason.d. It implies that prices do not fluctuate.If efficient market hypothesis holds, the future events can be forecasted with ease. This is because, all the information concerning stocks in the stock market would be well presented in a more accurate way, to reflect on the subsequent trends expected in the future in the market. In this respect therefore, if the efficient market hypothesis holds, it would enhance loosening in predicting any future trends of investment as the information in the market would be quite reliable. More so, if this hypothesis holds, the information provided would be reflecting all the prices that would be available in the market. This is because every price presented in the market information would greatly imply a predictive disposition of the prices in the future markets. Generally, if the efficient market hypothesis holds, then the above two statements would be true (Higgins 12-43).

Adidas and Adidas Pops Competitive Advantage

Adidas and Adidas Pops Competitive receiptsThree strategies that ordain Increase Adidas and Adidas Pops Competitive AdvantageA warring proceeds is modelled just about the question of why a consumer should purchase a harvesting from a given company when there are some other numerous alternatives (Gebauer, Gustafsson Witell, 2011). gibe to Kumar et al. (2011), rivalrous advantage is the force behind a companys sustainability and long-term survival, and as a result, scholars have devised numerous frameworks such as the 5Cs of marketing and Porters five-force model to tax the giving medicational militant advantage. In this section I have identified three strategies that a high number of firms usage to gain a competitive advantage and which could be employed to addition the competitive advantage of Adidas and its new product Adidas Pop.1. DifferentiationOver the eld it has become apparent that markets have become most turbulent and competitive for manufacturing firms and pr icing strategies are no longer sufficient to keep an organisation competitive (Gebauer, Gustafsson Witell, 2011 Valipour, Birjandi Honarbakhsh, 2012). In some industries further, businesses still use price wars to break their competitors (Zhang Round, 2011). However, lowering prices for competitiveness is unsustainable in the long run and, as a result, many companies have resorted to other strategies to help differentiate themselves from competitors (Valipour, Birjandi Honarbakhsh, 2012). According to Valipour, Birjandi Honarbakhsh (2012), tradition inbuiltlyy, manufacturing organisations centre on products to the neglect of customer needs. However, this approach has changed and now, customer needs for the most part inform the product process (Kumar et al., 2011). The Adidas differentiation schema is built around establishing the company as a premium quality and highly advanced(a) brand that not only sells sports apparel but empennage positively impact consumer lifestyl es (Kohli Jaworski, 1990). To achieve this strategy, Adidas has developed a number of highly in advance(p) products and has to a fault collaborated with high profile fashion designers to create activewear that is twain functional and fashionable (Adidas, 2016). The move has led many consumers around the beingness to use Adidas products as a fashion statement instead of for sportswear (Gebauer, Gustafsson Witell, 2011), which has seen the Adidas market share grow in line with its business strategy. As part of the Adidas product range, Adidas Pop will utilise a equal customer-centric differentiation strategy to band itself apart in the emerging markets of Asia. notwithstanding retailing at a comparatively premium price, Adidas Pop will appeal to the targeted markets 19 to 29 year-olds who want to live the Adidas lifestyle. This differentiation strategy will require the input of the marketing and production departments, as salutary as the RD unit to collect consumer wants and capture them in a product that accurately addresses their needs. To measure the success of the differentiation strategy, the organisation will evaluate the development and products bes with actual sales.2. AlliancesStrategic leagues are vital to businesses, as evidenced by Adidas decision to form an alliance with Reebok to penetrate the magnetic north American market and outsource its manufacturing functions to third parties in China to bring out on production costs (Evans Richardson, 2007). Furthermore, Adidas has also formed alliances with distributors such as wholesalers and franchisees, to penetrate markets that are otherwise too costly for the company to set their shops in (Adidas, 2016a). Without these strategic alliances with both manufacturers and distributors in China, the vision for Adidas Pop would be impossible or extremely costly to establish. However, because of Adidas strategic partnerships, the Adidas Pop can be operationalised and could possibly break even wit hin the first year. However, dapple strategic alliances are increasingly becoming a popular utilize in the corporate world, they are not always ripe to all involved parties (Hamel Pralahad, 1985 Tax Brown, 1998). For example, critics observe that after 11 years of an alliance, Reebok lags in sales, in which while the three other brands profits have been growth at 16 percent annually, for the same period, those of Reebok grow by nigh five percent (Adidas, 2016). In such cases, Buhalis Crotts (2013) suggest the use of partnership performance measurement systems such as the Balanced Scorecard to delay the financial and non-financial position of Adidas Pops potential allies.3. Cost LeadershipDeveloped by Michael Porter, cost leaders is a way of establishing a competitive advantage by keeping costs at the lowest level (Kaliappen Hilman, 2013) If the cost for Adidas products can be kept lower than those of Nike or its other competitors whence it is possible to create a competit ive advantage. It is important to note however that keeping costs at the lowest level possible is not such an easy task. Costs need to be managed across the entire chain from the very beginning to the very end. According to Kaliappen Hilman (2013), a fit mix of a cost leadership strategy enhances organisational performance. Cost leadership is mainly internal-oriented as opposed to other competitive strategies such as the differentiation strategy that focus on the external environment (D. Banker, Mashruwala Tripathy, 2014). According to D. Banker, Mashruwala Tripathy (2014), cost leadership involves total costs control, in which, the production cipher is solely focused on the most necessary processes. Adidas main competitive strategies are differentiation and strategic alliances. However, cost leadership will also be a useful strategy for Adidas Pop, in which the central focus will be total cost minimisation. Moreover, cost leadership is beneficial in keeping debts levels down and monitoring operations costs (Valipour, Birjandi Honarbakhsh, 2012).

Analysis of UBS Stock Price Essay -- UBS Financial Case Study

BS Analysis UBS Financials The put off below presents a few of the most important financial mark statistics of UBS as of 11 Mar 2014 (currency in USD). Income Statement taxation (TTM)33.43BRevenue ( rumply YOY Growth)1.95%EPS Diluted (TTM)0.8985Net Income (TTM)3.651BProfitabilityProfit Margin (Quarterly)14.50%DividendDividend Yield1.36%Dividend0.28 circulating(prenominal) ValuationMarket Cap 80.45BEnterprise Value64.84BPrice to book of account Value1.494P/E (TTM)23.6 EPS (TTM)0.89OtherBeta1.79 Figure 1 - UBS Financial Key StatisticsUBS Strategy & Achievements Given the changing operating and restrictive environment and the issues encountered as described in section 2 above, UBS has finalized a new strategy for the group at the end of 2011 in bless to properly address such challenges according to the Board Members & CEO earn to shareholders included within the 2012 Annual Report. The board members and CEO considered this strategy should boil down on the firms guiding princip les regarding client contract, capital strength, heighten risk controls and concentration on improving operational efficiency. The business of UBS lead continue to focus on wealth management businesses and leading common bank in Switzerland, complemented by Global Asset Management and the coronation Bank. Acting upon this strategy, several group-wide cost reduction and efficiency measures were implemented speckle operational risk controls were also highly strengthened. One of the main focus points of the bank was the implementation of the new Basel III requirements and has reached the following levels of performance as of end of 2012ItemUBS (end of 2012)Basel III Requirement Equity tier 1 ratio (fully applied)9... .... All in all, I believe investing in UBS shares for long-term is a good strategy for obtaining higher future returns. workings Cited http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBS , 11 March 2014 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBS , 11 March 2014 Financial Stability Board, c oadjutor recapitulation of Switzerland, Review Report, 2012, https//www.financialstabilityboard.org/publications/r_250112.htm Financial Stability Board, Peer Review of Switzerland, Review Report, 2012, https//www.financialstabilityboard.org/publications/r_250112.htm Figure taken from 2012 UBS Annual Report http//ycharts.com/companies/UNLYF , 11 March 2014 https//www.google.com/finance?q=nyseUBS, 13 March 2014 2012 UBS Annual Report Fourth Quarter 2013 UBS Report http//www.ubs.com/1/e/unauthorizedtrading.html, 11 March 2014 Zacks Investment Research, www.zacks.com, 15 Jan 2014

Speak Essays -- essays research papers

Speak, by Laurie Halse Anderson, is first-person narrative about overcoming our habits and misfortunes. It takes place at Merryweather High over the course of a year. The main character, Melinda, is a xiv year-old, who is just starting steep school. She is introduced, at first, as someone who doesnt speak to anyone, almost, at all. all told the other people in the high school seem to detest her. They say hateful things to her and throw objects at her. She seems not bothered by any of this. She is in her own being.As the story progresses clues to why people hate her so much be revealed. There is mentioning of a party that Melinda, some how, ruined. People say that they or someone they knew got in trouble at the party. Melinda wants to forget that party. She blocks it out of her head. At every mention of that night Melinda cringes.Melinda doesnt like school. She hates the people and despises the classes. All of the classes except art. She loves her art class. Their assignment for the year is to create a part of art, depicting a given image, that makes a statement. Melindas object is a tree. She has trouble with the tree.Melinda starts school off in a bad way. She unceasingly gets in trouble with numerous teachers. She never does any homework. She mostly takes naps. flog of all, in her mind, she has no friends. This does not change until she meets Heather, the new girl. Heather is...

Doomed From the Start Essay -- Harper Lee Kill Mockingbird Essays

Doomed From the Start passim the course of history, pitch-darks have always been second to the whites. Even after the elegant War, segregation and racists groups were at large. During this time, white men were disrespectful towards black men. Groups worry the K.K.K. wanted zip fastener less than white supremacy, and they would stop at nothing to obtain this goal. Many blacks were lynched, or even killed only because of the color of their skin. The following are examples of this the Scottsboro case, lynch by the Klan, and small-army forms of segregation from the 1920s public treasury 1930s. Also in Harper Lees book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Tom Robinson never has a chance to plead innocent because of his black skin.During the 1930s, nine young black men were falsely accused of raping 2 white women on a freight train near headstone Rock, Alabama. Ruby Bates and Victoria Price accused Charlie Weems, Ozie Powell, Clarence Norris, Olen Montgomery, Willie Roberson, Haywood Pat terson, Andy and Roy Wright, and Eugene Williams of this crime. The boys were arrested on March 25, 1931. all but Roy Wright were sentenced to the death penalty. They were all convicted on very little evidence. It came vote out to two white womens words against the black mens. by and by many lawyers failed to win the defendants release in 1936, a plea bargain was arranged where four of the defendants were released. However, the remaining five move to carry out their sentence. Because there was no real evidence to reenforcement them in jail, the last defendant was freed in 1950 (Kelly 1-2). After the Civil War, lynching was practiced by the K.K.K. Lynching is the legal execution of a someone by a mob. On November 7, 1837, Elijah Parish Lovejoy, the editor of the Al... ...he balcony. This proved that the whites thought that they were break away than any black man. Finally, the jury was all white. Since a white man would never believe a black man word everywhere a white womens word, Tom Robinson just like the Scottsboro Boys, were ordain from the start.Work CitedKelly, Robin. The Case of The Scottsboro Boys. Online posting. 23 Jun.1996. . 12March, 2001. <http//www.english.upenn.edu/afilreis/88/scottsboro.html.Lee, Harper. To Kill A Mockingbird. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania J.B. Lippincott Company, 1982.Reich, Steve. Implementation of Segregation. Online posting. 22 Feb.1996. . 12 March, 2001. <http//www2.h-net.msu.edu/south/archives/ duds/segregation.html.Simkin, John. Lynching. Online posting. . . 12 March,2001. <http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAlynching.htm.

Are You a Rebel? Or are You Just another Sheep following the Non-confor

Are You a Rebel? Or ar You just an other Sheep following the Non-conformity Flock?Its give c be living on the immaterial of society and earning what a crock of shit it is, but then approaching it again with a sense of humor. I mean, when youre able to see society as this sort of funky, funny illusion, it makes it easier to deal with it because there is no rhyme or reason to the counsel it works. RuPaul, on fringe goal (Genre, March 99)Rebellion. *Its about articulating that little inner voice thats in any of us, the voice which resists being assimilated into the batch conformity that is American society. The quality of our fundamental interaction has diminished so much that we barely recognize each other as human. The American way of life has destroyed our individuality opus pretending to cater to it, and the natural interdependence of society has been compromised by the shrieks of mass media and the cubicle farms they call workplaces. We are all gearing up for roughly heavy shit, all around the world. The yuppies are putting together their sappy stock option plans, the Pakistanis are aching for jihad against India, the major labels are enterpriseing harder than ever to saturate our culture with Limp Bizkit bullshit and use up Napster while theyre at it. To me, it travels together like a puzzle. Its all related. This is much than a complaint about social differences. Its about human nature. astonish around I think I can prove this. The hippie and freak hordes would have us believe than they are the sole bastions of non-conformity and bankers acceptance left in America. They are not.I really dislike stories like Hans Christian Andersons The Ugly Duckling. Not all ugly ducklings turn into swans. virtually(prenominal) of us turn into ugly ducks. We need to learn to accept it, and to recall that being an ugly duck isnt really necessarily all that bad, because exit with the flock isnt always the best or most satisfying way to go, even if i t does seem like the easiest. I was never one who fit in with my peers. From the day I began school at the age of five, it was unadorned that I was somehow different from the domicile of them. Since I was hyperactive, kind of shy, and similarly intellectual to be popular, I rarely had many friends, and at time found myself a subject of ridicule, mocking, and outright abuse. My first ploy, which lasted for a fall of years, was to attempt to conform. This was very muc... ...tandards, but these standards were made by conformity. The union itself is some form of rebellion. By being apart of that group, he conformed to the rebels standards.A cultural movement is a cultural movement be it hippie, skater punk, raver trash or otherwise. Nobody wants the whole world to full of life in peace as one big happy family. Its stubborn to instinct. We all want to be the bottisavatta in the flowing robes who dictates the gospel to the rest of the world. And thats not the way things work. This world has winners and losers, geeks and popular kids. Junior high repeats itself until you are dead. So whats a rebel to do? I dont know. Try reading. red cent Kerouac is not still a best selling author because of his composed Gap khakis. A nation of people didnt follow Lenin into almost 80 years of collectivist silliness because of his natty goatee and adorable accent. Or try remembering these simple rules 1.)Rebellion is free. 2.) Rebellion does not come in six different colors. 3.) Rebellion does not have a soundtrack and a movie deal in the works. 4.) Rebellion is not found in a piercing store, tattoo parlor, drug store, hash pipe or a Quentin Tarrantino movie.