10 Career Paths to Explore After Graduation

10 Career Paths to Explore After Graduation You did it! Degree in hand, head held high, you’re ready to take on the world. But†¦what will you do? The world is filled with opportunities, but you’re not sure where a passion for, say, sociology and literature and the environment might collide into a career. Never fear: there’s a career for you, ready for the taking. Read on to figure out how to determine where your skill sets and passions can lead you. Here is an infographic from enchancv  showing the different career paths you can explore after graduation.

Answers to Questions About Commas

Answers to Questions About Commas Answers to Questions About Commas Answers to Questions About Commas By Mark Nichol In this post, I’ve reproduced some questions posed in e-mail or comments to Daily Writing Tips about commas, followed by my responses. 1. Which comma-style-in-a-series do you prefer, Oxford/Chicago Manual or AP? Why? I prefer employing the serial comma because doing so rarely introduces ambiguity, which is more likely when the serial comma is omitted. (See this section in the Wikipedia entry on the serial comma, which explains why because serial commas are sometimes necessary for clarity and should therefore, for the sake of consistency, always be employed.) 2. I keep finding commas placed after but, as in this sample from a Bloomsbury novel: â€Å"She is not yet that committed but, determined not to be ridiculous, she makes herself bite into the Bakewell slice.† I was raised to put a comma before the but. Is this another matter of American versus British usage, or is there a grammatical nicety here that I am missing? The comma after but is necessary because it signals that what follows it and precedes the next comma is an interjection, and the insertion of another comma is also recommended: The correct punctuation is â€Å"She is not yet that committed, but, determined not to be ridiculous, she makes herself bite into the Bakewell slice.† 3. I have read books where authors neglect using the comma in phrases like â€Å"me too.† I don’t know whether my being irked when I see this is completely wrong, but I would like more information about it. In the usages you describe, the tag too should indeed be preceded by a comma, but the punctuation mark is often omitted in informal or conversational contexts or simply out of ignorance. 4. I refer to my stylebooks all the time in an effort to get [appositive epithets] right. Do you know of an easy mnemonic device that can help me remember this rule? I don’t have any mnemonic for this matter, but think of an epithet as an adjective: â€Å"Daily Writing Tips contributor Mark Nichol† describes which particular type of Mark Nichol is being identified. Just as you wouldn’t punctuate â€Å"blue car† with a comma between the adjective and the noun and another following the noun, you don’t insert commas before and after your name. Or consider the subject in â€Å"Planet Earth is our home.† Planet is an epithet, and Earth is not bracketed by commas. 5. In â€Å"Strange and surely intentional was the omission of her name in the credits,† should â€Å"and surely intentional† be set off with commas? And would you please expand on such when the second is not clearly subordinate e.g., an aside. This type of phrasing is highly flexible in terms of punctuation, and what the writer does depends not on construction but on connotation. If a pairing of adjectives or other parts of speech is straightforward and sensible lithe and graceful, hale and hearty, cheap and shoddy the second element need not be set off, but when it is extraordinary, emphatic treatment is effective. Grammatically speaking, no punctuation is necessary in the sentence you provided, but the force of delivery of the additional information is heightened by setting it off from the main clause: â€Å"Strange, and surely intentional, was the omission of her name in the credits† ensures that the reader momentarily ponders the import of the deliberate omission. â€Å"Strange (and surely intentional) was the omission of her name in the credits† does the same while suggesting a conspiratorial whisper between the writer and the reader on the topic. â€Å"Strange and surely intentional was the omission of her name in the credits† intensifies the impact by pushing the surmise onto center stage. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing Prompts 101Difference between "Pressing" and "Ironing"Grammar Review #1: Particles and Phrasal Verbs

Multinational corporations and sweatshops Essay

Multinational corporations and sweatshops - Essay Example In addition, they expect the suppliers in developing countries to produce quality products within a short time or precise delivery schedule (Maitland 120). This is a trend that has been observed with nearly all multinational corporations across the globe. Indeed, in recent years these companies have forgotten about manufacturing; instead, their focus is on marketing and product designing. The labor and human rights activists have criticized this contracting arrangement. They have argued that these corporations are exploiting workers and thereby promote international sweatshops. The critics have cited a number of areas of exploitation which makes them believe that the corporations contribute to difficult and dangerous environment for workers. For example, they have pointed out that the sweatshop workers work for very long hours but with minimal pay, albeit well defined laws on minimum wage and overtime pay. Moreover, the sweatshop workers might violate the child labor laws which are h ighly defined and outlined. On some occasions, sweatshops may promote hazardous situations and materials. In addition, in a sweatshop setup, the employer can choose to abuse the employees without easy ways for employees’ protection.These have prompted arguments on whether corporations have minimum obligations, at most merely complying with the host country laws, or further have negative obligations to respect human rights and finally, whether they should have positive obligations to promote just background institutions. However, based on the critics discussed above, I can argue that the disagreement concerning the social responsibilities of the multinational corporations should not continue. Instead, the multinational corporations should have positive obligations to promote just backgrounds. Body Multinational companies must promote just backgrounds and ensure that their international workers enjoy a favorable work environment. They must also play major roles in ensuring that human rights activists are heard and that their international corporations also enjoy their human rights. Therefore, the multinational corporations should identify contracting practices that, if implemented, will prevent the repressive regimes that make working difficult. To start off, these corporations must ensure that the current labor standards are satisfactory to the workers and that their rights to join the labor force are fostered. These ideals cannot be achieved if the corporations continue with their current contracting practices. For instance, Kathie Lee Gifford’s clothing line cannot continue using 13 and 14 year old children to work for 20 hours a day in their factories (Maitland 120). According to Charles Kernaghnan who worked with the National Labor Coalition, these contracting practices by Kathie Lee Gilford’s company promoted child labor violations in Honduras, yet there are established child labor laws and standards. Kernigan found out that the same c ontracting practices are found nearly in every developing country. He further explained that the same child and labor abuse in Honduras is widespread in Central America and Africa. To improve these contracting practices, labor and human rights activists have identified that all multinational corporations have a public image that they always want to protect. For this reason, Monshipouri found that they have

Health Care Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health Care Economics - Essay Example However, with advances in technology scientists came out with the discovery of solar panels. Solar panels are just a one-time investment and once set up they’ll provide free electricity for their entire life. What simply happens is that the solar panels take up energy from sun rays and convert that energy to provide electrical power. This simple example goes on to show how technology has brought down the cost of various products. Health care has been one of the most important issues of the current time. With the ever increasing health care costs, people from all walks of life have been complaining they cannot afford proper treatment. Workers in America have so hardly been hit by the high health insurance premium payments that they often forego getting a recommended checkup rather than paying huge sums of out of pocket money. So why it is that business technology saves a lot on costs but when it comes to healthcare, new technology drives up costs? There are a lot of reasons to this and we’ll look at each in turn. Firstly, we’ll focus on simple demand and supply factors. The demand for health care has increased over the years as worldwide population increases exponentially. However the supply side hasn’t moved at the same pace as there are a limited number of medical technology producers. The demand supply gap is one of the main reasons why healthcare costs have gone up. Another important reason why health care technology has increased health care costs is that medicinal technology is different than other forms of technological improvements. When a new medicinal technology is launched in the hospital market, a new progress towards diagnosis of a disease or its treatment is made. However in other fields, technological innovation is just a continuation of a previous product to make it better. Such an innovation’s primary objective generally is to achieve an increase in the product’s efficiency and therefore reduce its overa ll cost. However when it comes to medicinal technology, a new purpose is accomplished every time a technological advancement is made and so the investment and the return (payback) process starts from the beginning every time. To recover such investments, patients have to be charged high so at least the hospitals breakup if they don’t make a profit. This is one of the main reason why patients end up paying high medicine bills as the recovery cost of technological improvements is ultimately passed on to the final consumers. Health care technology requires a lot of research. The major chunk of expenditure that’s made by pharmaceutical and health care equipment companies is on research and development of new products and technologies. These figures are often so significant that they take up to seventy percent of a company’s annual budget! It’s pretty obvious now that when such companies will develop their products, they’ll have real high costs attached to them. The latest machines for chemo therapy and drugs to contain cancer have very high costs associated with them. These high costs simply reflect the amount spent on research and development towards the innovation of these drugs and machineries. Whether a particular technology will reduce or increase the amount spent on healthcare will depend upon several critical factors. One of such

Online Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Online Community - Essay Example This means that people could be living in the same geographical area but since they do not share the same values, they are not deemed as community. The conventional community is that which lives together physically and shares their values and practices within a locality. The contemporary community does not have to be living in the same locality since they could practice their values on a remote platform, which is online. Campbell describes the contemporary community, or community online, as that social unit that interacts online aided by the use of the internet (Campbell, 2010). He traces the emergence of the community online back to the early 1970s when the email first emerged. Emails were first powered by the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, commonly abbreviated as ARPANET, which was also the first operational packet switching network in the world (Brasher 25). The online space was, at first, purely a research space and not for social interactions’ use. Soon ARPANE T created the first electronic discussion group establishing a moderated space to oversee various aspects of network business and research. Researchers within these messaging groups began forming unofficial groups such as SF-Lovers, created by some researchers to discuss science fiction. This and other early groups pioneered the social community online. Several special interest groups started emerging thereafter and this liberalization saw the birth of the â€Å"net.religion† debating group where religious opinions were aired. Further debates saw the narrowing down of this group to specific religious online forums, the first of which to emerge being â€Å"net.religion.jewish†. Newer advents of technology saw the creation of both newer and more precise forums and also better and faster ways of furthering these religious debates such as bulletin board systems (BBS), multi-user object oriented (MOO), multi-user dimension (MUD), and internet relay chat (IRC) rooms. Through standardization, regulation and setting of â€Å"rules of engagement† within the various forums, these computer-supported groups automatically qualified as communities, or more precisely, virtual communities. Campbell concurs with a definition, of virtual community, by Rheingold, that virtual communities are social aggregations emerging from internet forums when enough people carry on discussions with human feeling to form networks of personal relationships online. The evolution of Christian community online did not stop at the web groups and discussion forums for specific religions, in the mid – 1990s, cyber-churches and cyber-temples emerged as websites exclusively providing online worship services to their respective target groups (Stower, 2001). The argument behind this unique move was that the internet provides a forum for revolution, similar to the protestant wave, to reform and reinvent the ways in which faith and values are practiced and people communicate wit h each other and with God. The understanding was that people do not have to physically meet to practice their religious values and that computer networks provide social networks within which people can meet face-to-face, but virtually, within the computer network (Dawson 15). The study of religious community online critically began in early 1990s when scholars started paying attention more attention to issues of technology being used to congregate online, the types of discussions and practices. Two researchers,

Processes Of Post Partum Care Nursing Essay

Processes Of Post Partum Care Nursing Essay Postpartum care presents a special challenge, as it concerns two i.e. mother and her baby people with very distinct needs. However it is believed that contribution to good quality care ensure to balance the challenge. The major maternal and neonatal health challenges include nutrition and breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and HIV/AIDS, therefore Post partum care is pre-eminently about the provision of a supportive environment in which a woman, her baby and the wider family can begin their new life together. Therefore this guideline aims to identify the essential core (routine) care that every woman and her baby should receive in the first 6-8 weeks after birth, based on the best evidence available. This guideline has been written within a conceptual framework which places the woman and her baby at the centre of care, appreciating that all post partum care should be delivered in partnership with the woman and should be individualized to meet the needs of each mother-infant dyad. Thus this clinical guideline of post partum is to offer information to support midwives to increase the knowledge and skills that enable them to handle mothers and their neonates and management of postpartum complication, and referral. Objectives: Perform postpartum examination on mother and baby and provide care to ensure safe post partum. Provide first line EmONC or referral for the complication occurring during postpartum period Facilitate the process of lactation and infant bounding. Support of the mother and her family in the transition to a new family constellation, and response to their needs prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of complications of mother and infant, including the prevention of vertical transmission of diseases from mother to infant Counsel the couple for: resumption of sexual activity and birth spacing regular contraception service, emergency contraceptive methods, dispelling myths and birth spacing in special situation. maternal nutrition, and supplementation if necessary baby care support of breastfeeding Immunization of the infant and mother. Referral of mother and infant for specialist care when necessary CLINICAL PLACEMENT Out Patient Department Postnatal wards Well baby room Community Primary Health Care centers POST PARTUM VISIT SCHEDULE AFTER 3rd STAGE OF LABOUR TILL 2 HOURS AFTER 2 HOURS TILL 24 Hours First visit (within the first week, preferably within 2-3 days) Second visit (4-6 weeks) More frequent visits or different schedules may be required according to client need and or hospital policy. Encourage the woman to bring her partner or family member to at least 1 visit. KEY ELEMENTS OF POSTPARTUM CARE: 6-12 hours 3- 6 days 6 weeks blood loss pain BP advice/ warning signs breast care temperature/infection lochia mood recovery anaemia contraception IMMEDIATE POST PARTUM CARE (After 3rd stage of labor till 2 hrs) Initial Postpartum Recovery Assessment: special attention to: Monitoring and assessment of maternal well being, prevention and detection of complications (e.g. bleeding, hypertension, and infections) Determine; Assess amount and the character of BLEEDING , Measure and document vital sign (BLOOD PRESSURE, pulse rate and temperature Other warning sign like fever, uterine involution, pain etc Status of the perineum, (tears laceration) Status of the fundus; position and firmness Document urine void within 6 hours. Ensure emptiness of urinary bladder Monitor for signs of bladder distension. After delivery IV fluids infusing type and amount Response of the woman and her partner to the newborn Give woman time with baby and family to facilitate bonding and celebrate the occasion. Status of the breasts once immediately after delivery and then again just before transfer to postpartum Allow women to rest Pain assessment; if the woman is experiencing any pain; Determine the characteristics, quality, timing, and relief after comfort measures, Investigate the source (e.g., after pains, episiotomy, painful urination, pain in the calves). If the woman had a cesarean delivery; check the incision dressing for intactness and determine incision bleeding if any complain for pain type, and success of analgesics and comfort measures to control the pain; toleration of ambulation status of the bladder; Provide hygiene care. Help woman to re dress Establishments of breastfeeding/ ROUTINE PROGRESSIVE POST PARTUM CARE (After 2hrs till 24 hrs) Take medical and pregnancy histories and perform physical examination that are important to alert for postpartum risk such as postpartum Hemorrhage, infection, and lead to normal healing First Visit HISTORY (should include significant pregnancy, labor and birth newborn history Review of Ante Partum chart and labs, problems which may need follow up Review of Intra Partum course and labs Check records: any complications during delivery Receiving any treatments Review of status since birth to postpartum period Review if patient is Tdap immunization status Obtains information about cultural factors influencing clients health and compliance Assesses clients and significant others feelings and level of understanding of sexuality, post partum. Observe the gravid woman for verbal and non-verbal clues to exclude post partum bluesdepression HIV status CONTINOUS POST PARTUM ASSESSMENT (ONCE PER SHIFT) Take the vital signs including of Respiratory characteristic s and Rule out labour breathing shortness of breath and chest pain. Regular Heart rate Height, And Weight Performs review of systems appropriate to POSTPARTUM Body parts Assessment and Probable findings Breasts Inspect the: Colostrum excretion breasts for signs of engorgement, nipples aversion/ redness, or cracks, then Palpate the breasts gently to determine if they are soft, filling, or engorged with milk Note if there is pain/ oedema/ swelling Abdomen Inspect the abdomen and note: striae, scars, shape and size of the abdomen Any organs enlargement and any masses. Palpate the abdomen to assess uterus involution (by height of fundas) determine consistency, tone, position, size/height in relation to the umbilicus Genitalia Inspect Vulva and perineum for: tear, swelling, pus. Observe external genitalia for color of skin, varicosities, and laceration, episiotomy stitches healing. vaginal opening for cystocele or rectocele. Vaginal discharge (lochia); special attention to color, amount and odor Bladder and bowel; Assess voiding amounts (more than 100 mL per each voiding) frequency If amounts smaller than 100 mL check for urinary retention, i.e. suprapubic distention Auscultate for bowel sounds in each quaderant. Ask the woman if she has had a bowel movement after delivery. Peripheral vascular Inspect the extremities for edema equality of pulses, and capillary refill. Check for Homans sign when the feet are dorsiflexed or woman is walking. Hemoglobin and hematocrit (hh). Compare the HH before delivery. Note the blood type and Rh. If the woman is Rh-negative, arrange for RhoGAM MEDICATION For pain relief advise: Topical cold therapy Paracetamol NSAIDs if not contraindicated In areas of high prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia, 400 mg ferrous sulphate (2 tablets) per day or once a week, with 250 ÃŽÂ ¼g folate for 4 months is recommended for pregnant and lactating women. In areas of low prevalence 1 tablet of ferrous sulphate daily may be sufficient. IMMUNIZATION Offer Anti-D immunoglobulin within 72 hours to every non-sensitized Rh-D-negative woman following the delivery of an RhD-positive baby. Complete TT vaccination for woman according to given schedule if required Offered an MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccination following birth and before discharge from the maternity unit if they are in hospital if on antenatal screening women found to be sero-negative for rubella following the safety protocol Health Education for mother All women should be given information about the physiological process of recovery after birth, and that some health problems are common, with advice to report any health concerns to healthcare professional, in particular: Signs and symptoms of PPH: sudden and profuse blood loss or persistent increased blood loss; faintness; dizziness; palpitations/tachycardia. Signs and symptoms of infection: fever; shaking; abdominal pain and/or offensive vaginal loss. Signs and symptoms of thromboembolism: unilateral calf pain; redness or swelling of calves; shortness of breath or chest pain. Signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia: headaches accompanied by one or more of the symptoms of visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, feeling faint. Women who have had an epidural or spinal anesthesia should be advised to report any severe headache, particularly when sitting or standing Diet during post partum Caring breast while breast feeding Fundal Massage Perineum and Vaginal Care Pain Management: explain the non- medicinal ways of easing pain, such as applying warmth to the abdomen to help soothe after pains. Activities contribute to or prevent constipation. If non immune for rubella educate for rubella immunization SECOND VISIT (4-6 weeks) HISTORY Follow the guideline of ROUTINE POST PARTUM CARE (After 2hrs till 6hrs) CONTINOUS POST PARTUM ASSESSMENT follow the guideline of (After 2hrs till 6hrs) MEDICATION Follow the guideline of ROUTINE POST PARTUM CARE (After 2hrs till 6hrs) VACCINATION Follow the guideline of ROUTINE POST PARTUM CARE (After 2hrs till 6hrs) HEALTH EDUCATION Follow the guideline of ROUTINE POST PARTUM CARE (After 2hrs till 6 hrs) Postpartum Discharge Plan and complete all necessary assessment and care as per hospital policy by consider maternal and infant health and financial status. HISTORY Review of the womans physical, emotional and social well-being at taking in account the routine examinations Counsel mother family on baby care. ASSESSMENT OR EXAMINATION Follow the guideline of ROUTINE POST PARTUM CARE (After 2hrs till 6hrs) HEALTH EDUCATION Explain all take home medication with their effects and side effects. Allow them to resolve their queries. Educate mother about danger signs, personal hygiene, perineal care, postpartum exercises, follow-up visit baby care, baby mother immunization, breast feeding, Postpartum COMPLICATION MANAGEMENT essentc Hypertension during postnatal period Continue to assess patients for signs and symptoms or worsening of preeclampsia in the postpartum period. For postpartum patients on magnesium sulfate: In general the magnesium sulfate is continued for 24 hours postpartum Strict IO in the initial 24 hours postpartum Evaluation between 4 and 8 hours postpartum for vital signs especially BP, IO, signs of magnesium toxicity, evaluation for further information Refer: World Health Organization, International Confederation of Midwifery (ICM) (2008). Midwifery education modules second edition Managing Eclampsia Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008 Baby Blues/ Post Partum Depression Definition: A transient period of depression that occurs during the first week or two after birth Causes: hormonal changes, fatigue Sign and symptoms: mood swings, anger, weepiness, anorexia, insomnia Intervention Usually will resolve naturally Should receive social support Needs plenty of rest Anemia (Refer PHRplus/Albania (2005) Toolkits for Strengthening Primary Health Care Clinical Practice Guideline for Family Doctors; Quick References Partners for Health Reforms, USAID) Available: http://www.who.int/management/ToolkitsforStrengtheningPHCAlbaniaPHC.pdf Postpartum Hemorrhage Refer: World Health Organization, International Confederation of Midwifery (ICM) (2008). Midwifery education modules second edition Managing postpartum hemorrhage Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008 Puerperal Sepsis Refer: World Health Organization, International Confederation of Midwifery (ICM) (2008). Midwifery education modules second edition Managing Puerperal Sepsis Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008 Diabetes in postpartum period Refer: World Health Organization Reproductive Health AND Research (2005). A pocket guide for essential practice Sexually Transmitted and Other Reproductive Tract Infections integrating STI/RTI, HIV Care for Reproductive Health

Pro Assisted Suicide Essay -- Death With Dignity euthanasia

Death With Dignity Today, American society is obsessed with the young and successful and their endless pursuit of beauty, fame, and fortune. People are bombarded with images of youth in movies, music, and ads for ordinary items such as toothpaste. Advertisers create the illusion that people can forever defer death by plastering ?anti-aging? across drugstore aisles to sell their products. In the search for eternal youth, people become desensitized to the importance of life?s inevitable end. Every day, countless people quietly pass away after long and painful struggles with terminal illnesses, and their loved ones are often reduced to helpless observers. Terminally ill patients are not merely a statistic; they are mothers, fathers, children, friends, and lovers who leave behind many distraught loved ones in death. By continuing to prohibit assisted suicide, the law denies many terminally ill patients the peaceful death they desire. Instead, patients must waste away slowly and endure constant pain, unless they have powerful and expensive medications to dull their senses. However, no amount of medication can remedy emotional pain, and patients sometime feel helpless and alone because death is their only release from suffering (Girsh 3). The law cannot rightfully ignore the special circumstances of terminal illnesses and deny people a dignified death simply because they retain brain function. Terminally ill patients need an option to prevent spending their final days, months, or years painfully deteriorating as they approach their inevitable deaths. Throughout the controversy, the public has focused on moral aspects of assisted suicide and overlooked the fact that one form has already been in practice for nine ye... ...situation of terminally ill patients over their personal convictions and abolish the boundaries keeping them from having a peaceful end to their lives. Works Cited ?2-to-1 Majorities Continue to Support Rights to Both Euthanasia and Doctor-Assisted Suicide.? The Harris Poll 9 January 2002 Death with Dignity National Center. 2006. 27 March 2006 . Girsh, Faye. ?Patients Should Be Given More Control Over Their Deaths.? USA Today March 2000. Levinson, Sanford. ?Assisted Suicide Should be Legalized.? The Nation 21 July 1997. Oregon Department of Human Services Report, 1994-1005. Oregon Department of Human Services. 2006. 27 March 2006 ?Physician Assisted Suicide: Legislative Statute.? Oregon Department of Human Services. 2006. 21 March 2006 . Pro Assisted Suicide Essay -- Death With Dignity euthanasia Death With Dignity Today, American society is obsessed with the young and successful and their endless pursuit of beauty, fame, and fortune. People are bombarded with images of youth in movies, music, and ads for ordinary items such as toothpaste. Advertisers create the illusion that people can forever defer death by plastering ?anti-aging? across drugstore aisles to sell their products. In the search for eternal youth, people become desensitized to the importance of life?s inevitable end. Every day, countless people quietly pass away after long and painful struggles with terminal illnesses, and their loved ones are often reduced to helpless observers. Terminally ill patients are not merely a statistic; they are mothers, fathers, children, friends, and lovers who leave behind many distraught loved ones in death. By continuing to prohibit assisted suicide, the law denies many terminally ill patients the peaceful death they desire. Instead, patients must waste away slowly and endure constant pain, unless they have powerful and expensive medications to dull their senses. However, no amount of medication can remedy emotional pain, and patients sometime feel helpless and alone because death is their only release from suffering (Girsh 3). The law cannot rightfully ignore the special circumstances of terminal illnesses and deny people a dignified death simply because they retain brain function. Terminally ill patients need an option to prevent spending their final days, months, or years painfully deteriorating as they approach their inevitable deaths. Throughout the controversy, the public has focused on moral aspects of assisted suicide and overlooked the fact that one form has already been in practice for nine ye... ...situation of terminally ill patients over their personal convictions and abolish the boundaries keeping them from having a peaceful end to their lives. Works Cited ?2-to-1 Majorities Continue to Support Rights to Both Euthanasia and Doctor-Assisted Suicide.? The Harris Poll 9 January 2002 Death with Dignity National Center. 2006. 27 March 2006 . Girsh, Faye. ?Patients Should Be Given More Control Over Their Deaths.? USA Today March 2000. Levinson, Sanford. ?Assisted Suicide Should be Legalized.? The Nation 21 July 1997. Oregon Department of Human Services Report, 1994-1005. Oregon Department of Human Services. 2006. 27 March 2006 ?Physician Assisted Suicide: Legislative Statute.? Oregon Department of Human Services. 2006. 21 March 2006 .

Article 258 Tfeu – Key Features

â€Å"†¦judicial and legislative developments *have+ made the *infringement+ procedure [come] of age- from a rarely used, opaque and policy-driven procedure, it has now become a common, fairly transparent and highly technical procedure. † Prete & Smuldres â€Å"The coming of age of infringement proceedings† (2010) 47 CMLR 9 Has the infringement procedure finally â€Å"come of age†? Critically outline the key features of the Article 258 TFEU procedure and relevant caselaw.Article 258 TFEU (Formerly Art 226 EC) empowers the European Commission to deliver a reasoned opinion to a member state when it considers that the state has failed to fulfil an obligation under the treaties. The action seeks to â€Å"fulfil an obligation under the EC Treaty† and to â€Å"obtain a declaration that the conduct of a Member State infringes Community Law and of terminating that conduct†. If the Court of Justice of the European Union finds that the member state has f ailed to fulfil the obligation the member state shall be required to take the necessary measures to comply with the judgment.Other mechanisms exist to secure the correct application of EU Law, including the principle of direct effect and primacy of EU Law. These measures permits an individual or a company to have their rights enforced before a national court on the basis of EU Law provisions, even if such provisions are not specified within the national legal system where the application is made. Article 258 TFEU can be described as a law enforcement tool against Member States. Each Member State is responsible for the applying EU Law in a manner that is full and correct.The Court has the power to decide if a Member State is meeting its obligations that is has under the Treaties. According to statistics from the Court, approximately 200 cases are lodged before it each year. This accounts for a fraction of the suspected infringements that are investigated. The vast majority of cases a re resolved through dialogue and negotiation. As such, court proceedings are considered the final step in resolving a matter where other options have failed.Article 17(1) TEU (formerly Art 211 EC) gives the enforcement and controlling powers required by the Commission to enforce the application of EU Law by Member States. A Member State may be forced to take drastic steps including modification or rescission of national legislation or even modification of a Constitution in order to comply with a Court ruling. Financial penalties may be applied to a Member State if the state fails to comply with a Court ruling. In most circumstances, Member States do comply with the Court rulings, but they may take some time to implement such rulings, which may incur a significant financial penalty.As Guardian of the Treaties, the Commission has improved the transparency of the infringement procedures in recent years. The procedure is objective in nature and the decision rests with the Court to decid e if there has been a breach of law as alleged by the Commission. The infringement procedure begins with a request for information (so-called â€Å"Letter of Formal Notice†) to the member state concerned, which must be answered within a specified period, usually two months.If the Commission is not satisfied with the information and concludes that the Member State in question is failing to fulfill its obligations under EU law, the Commission may then send a formal request to comply with EU law (so-called â€Å"Reasoned Opinion†), calling on the member state to inform the Commission of the measures taken to comply within a specified period, usually two months. If a Member State fails to ensure compliance with EU law, the Commission may then decide to refer the Member State to the Court of Justice.However, in over 90 per cent of infringement cases, member states comply with their obligations under EU law before they are referred to the Court. If the Court rules against a member state, the member state must then take the necessary measures to comply with the judgment. If, despite the ruling, a Member State still fails to act, the Commission may open a further infringement case under Article 260 of the TFEU, with only one written warning before referring the member state back to Court.If the Commission does refer a member state back to Court, it can propose that the Court imposes financial penalties on the member state concerned based on the duration and severity of the infringement and the size of the member state (both a lump sum depending on the time elapsed since the original Court ruling and a daily penalty payment for each day after a second Court ruling until the infringement ends). These decisions cover many sectors; they aim at ensuring proper application of EU law for the benefit of citizens and businesses.Before referring a Member State to the Court, the Commission first requests information from the Member State concerned and then, if nece ssary, formally requests the Member State to comply with EU law. Around 95 per cent of infringement cases are resolved at the administration stage, i. e. before they reach the Court. If after a ruling by the Court of Justice, a member state still fails to act, the Commission warns the member state in writing.In case of continued lack of appropriate action by the member state, the Commission may take the member state back to Court, and can request the Court to impose a lump sum penalty and/or a daily penalty payment on the member state concerned. This procedure is based on Article 260 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. http://www. baltic-course. com/eng/baltic_states/? doc=33306 http://europa. eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction. do? eference=IP/10/ 1422&format=HTML&aged=0&language=FR&guiLanguage=fr http://ec. europa. eu/eu_law/infringements/infringements_en. htm http://ec. europa. eu/eu_law/infringements/infringements_decisions_en. htm http://ec. europa. eu/eu_law/eula w/decisions/dec_20101124. htm#ie http://www. ivoryresearch. com/sample14. php http://justin-santiago. blogspot. com/2009/05/article-226. html The effectiveness of an Art 226 action is diminished by the length of time the process takes and the lack of a serious penalty.The only result of a finding by the ECJ under Art 226 is that the Member State is in breach is a declaration to that effect. The Member State can continue to avoid complying with Community law obligations. Although documents related to the infringement proceedings is available a major source of frustration is difficulty in obtaining access to documents related to infringement proceedings. The Commission does not have enough resources to bring enforcement proceedings against member states under Article 226.By introducing the concept of direct effect of EC law as well as indirect effect or in action for damages on the basis of the state liability doctrine, the ECJ enabled individuals and companies throughout the EU to be come enforcers of Community law in the Member States without the need for Commission involvement. http://justin-santiago. blogspot. com/2009/05/article-226. html http://eur-lex. europa. eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ. do? uri=CELEX:62003J0459:EN:NOT Articles 258 TFEU (ex Article 226 EC) and 260 TFEU (ex Article 227 EC) provide the appropriate remedies in cases where member States fail to fulfil

Security Essays

Security Essays Security Essay Security Essay 1. The most effective way to improve airport security is to rely more on technology and less on people. When airport personnel are responsible for keeping the aircraft, terminals, and passengers safe, problems can occur. People are much more likely to make an error than a computer. Even though extensive background checks and fingerprinting required for all airport employees, they do not provide enough security measures to guarantee safety.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Technology can be used to screen passengers more effectively. Frisking can make many passengers uncomfortable, and there is new technology available that would eliminate the need for this. Airports can use X-ray machines to see a passenger’s body and reveal any hidden bombs or weapons. Apparently, though, the images are very detailed and some passengers think they are embarrassing, and possibly even worse than frisking. Should these machines be used? They are safer, but intrusive. Airports must consider if a picture with so much detail is actually required.2. Putting security measures in place will not prevent all attacks. There will always be something that goes wrong. The inevitability of new threats and circumstances must always be kept in mind by those who design security measures. Plus, attackers can use advances in technology to constantly come up with new methods for attacks. Even with the best security measures, not every circumstance can be predicted. For every advance made in preventing attacks, there will be a new advance made to intercept or avoid these security measures.

Running Essays - RTT, Diverticulosis, Physical Fitness, Free Essays

Running Essays - RTT, Diverticulosis, Physical Fitness, Free Essays Running In this study, I investigate the affects that running has on reducing the risk of some health problems. I am doing this because I run about 40 to 60 miles per week, and my family has a history of health problems. For instance, my grandfather suffered a heart attack, and he also had cancer when he was about the age of 50. Furthermore, my grandfather, on my dads side of the family, has also had triple bi-pass heart surgery from a heart attack he has had recently. Here, I present information from some sources that talk about the affects that running has on reducing health risks. My sources agree that running, and some other aerobic exercises, reduce the risk of: Diabetes, diverticular disease, heart decease, several types of cancer, and even common sicknesses like a cold. One source agrees that running reduces the risk of diabetes. Jim Harmon writes, in Sports Illustrated, about Bruce Leonard, a marathoner with a masters degree in public health. Bruce Leonard went to study the Zuni Indian tribe. This tribe has had a bad history of diabetes until they started to run. Leonard said, After the Zuni tribe started running, many Zuni were able to reduce or eliminate their diabetes medication.(5) My research also reveled that diverticular disease can be reduced in men that run. For instance, Marty Munson and Teresa Yeykal writes in the article Outrun trouble which says, guys who racked up the most ours doing vigorous exercise reduced their risks of diverticular decease by a third.(38) They also say its good advice to make your lifestyle to consume high fiber.(38) I found that running can also reduce the risk of heart disease. The article Run for your life talks about Mitchell H. Whaley, the director of adult physical fitness program at Ball State University. He analyzed data collected from a group of men, which included runners. Mitchell Whaley found that individuals with low aerobic capacity have a higher risk of developing premature coronary artery decease that those who were more fit.(47) The article also talks about Martha L. Slattery, Ph.D., from the University of Utah Medical School. Maria Slattery also found that running is a good preventive measure for heart disease. She says, The greatest increase in protection was between those men who were sedentary and those who had some activity.(48) Another source I found says that running can help prevent many types of cancer. In the article Running for your life, Doctor Leonard Cohen talks about how running helps reduce colon, breast, cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancer. Cohen says A growing body of evidence suggest that physical activity reduces the risk of cancer, particularly colon and breast cancer.(23) Overall, my sources state that even though running isnt a cure, it is definitely a preventive measure for many health problems. They all agree that running can do no harm, and there are many positive aspects. After doing this research, I am going to continue running or at least some king of aerobic exercise, hoping that it will prevent me from following in my grandparents footsteps.

Week #6 Learning Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week #6 Learning Activity - Essay Example Allegra gains various benefits from its strategic planning commitment. Specifically, these benefits are the following: (1) Better communication and relationship with franchisers who are attracted to and appreciate Allegra’s Profit Mastery Program; (2) Efficient time management outcomes that reduce error rates; (4) Lower error rates that reduce production costs and increase profits;(5) Higher customer satisfaction because of reduced error rates; and (6) Improved quality management dedication and outlook (â€Å"Chapter 13† 34) inside the company and among franchisers. Many small businesses fail to do strategic planning because of the following reasons: (1) Business owners do not know or apply the process of strategic planning; (2) They do not have time management skills that can help categorize different tasks by urgency and importance (â€Å"Chapter 13† 5); and (3) They have not built the needed relationships and connections with important stakeholders who will help them in the strategic planning process. Buying a franchise decreases the need for strategic planning because the franchisor designs the strategic plan, since the latter owns the franchise. Nevertheless, franchisers should and can still contribute to the strategic planning process by offering ideas/suggestions and informing the franchisor of issues and problems. In addition, being a franchisee changes the strategic planning process because the franchisee has less autonomy and control over the decision-making process. Franchisers are more of participants than the final decision-makers, especially when compared to sole

Trinidad and Tobabgo independence day Research Paper

Trinidad and Tobabgo independence day - Research Paper Example He spent a lot of his early life living with his grandparents. He was brought up in a humble background of a middle-class family. His dream job was being a fireman, but he ended up firing racism instead. The activities that his father was involved in inspired him to being an activist for equality rights. His father campaigned for equal wages for the blacks and the whites. His father and grandfather were very religious, and they preached the social gospel always. Being in such a family, martin believed in equality of all people, and it inspired him to fighting for the rights of the blacks. He became a pastor of Ebenezer church where he served for over 4 4 years. Besides starting a religious career, he was more concerned with real life issues such as segregation and poverty. He graduated with a sociology degree at the age of 19. He continued his studies and achieved a doctorate in theology in 1951. He believed in the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi on freedom and non-violence and he used it to gain the rights of the oppressed African Americans. He got married to Coretta, had four children together, before dying after only 15 years of marriage (King and Carson 123). Martin is remembered for the famous Montgomery bus boycott which occurred in 1954. Although he did not have a mission to fight for civil rights on Montgomery, the arrest for Rosa parks for refusing to relinquish her bus seat for a white man proved his feeling. He and other clergymen organized a bus boycott until the desegregation in the transit system ended. He organized for distributions of leaflets asking African Americans not to ride in the buses on December 5th. His call was heard, and more than 20000 blacks did not ride the buses on December 5, 1955 (King, and Ayres 29). After the success of this boycott, king called for a long-term bus boycott that lasted for 381 days. This boycott was the beginning of martin’s fight for