Velocity of Sound Experiment

Velocity of phonate ExperimentExperiment no. 7 Velocity of SoundLaboratory ReportVon Dela Rosa, Anna De Vera, Tricia Desierto,Department of Biological ScienceCollege of Science, University of Santo TomasEspana, Manila, PhilippinesAbstractThree activities were through in the experiment to demonstrate and further analyze the velocity of ripe. In the maiden activity, the velocity of unspoiled in ancestry and in glass subway was computed. In the second activity, the animate of audio frequency was computed victimization vernier mike connected to vernier logger pro. Lastly, the speed of grueling in solid exploitation Kundts thermionic vacuum tube was calculated. In the data, it has been found out that the speed of sound in air has a theoretical speed of 347.8 m/s. A percent error of 7.4%, and 10.16% were acquired in the first experiment using different frequencies, and 5.66% error was acquired in the second activity. Lastly, it has been found out that the speed of sound in so lid retinal rod is computed to be 5044.33 m/s with a percent error of 15.33% when d champion data-basedly.I. IntroductionThe pressure disturbance travelling from champion particle to another connotes to the velocity of sound1. Basically, a sound tremble is a travelling disturbance. Wave pulsate connotes to a single disturbance while wave train is the series of disturbances. Wave frequency measures the number of pulse have been made in a length of given time1. In the simplest sense, frequency is the number of vibrations per seconds. It is usually measured in Hertz(Hz). On the other hand, resonance is the natural vibration frequency of an object. In the experiment, three activities have been done inorder to exemplify the different properties of sound.The objectives of the experiment area.) to verify the relationship between frequency of sound and its wavelengthb.) to work the speed of sound by fashion of a resonating air column andc.) to determine the velocity of sound in a so lid using a vibrating rod.II. TheorySound waveSound wave is a disturbance that travels from one location to another location. It is propagated by vibrating objects and cease be transfer through liquid, plasma, or gases as a longitudinal waves though in solids, sound waves can be transmitted as a longitudinal wave or transverse wave1. Longitudinal wave is a kind of wave wherein the particles move in a parallel direction relative to the wave direction. On the other hand, transverse wave vibrate perp supplanticular to the direction of wave motion.FrequencyFrequency is defined as the number of waves per unit of time. Frequency can be computed by dividing the velocity of sound in air to the twice the mean surpass of two nodes2.V= Theoretical Value of the speed of sound in air= Twice the average of the distances between two consecutive displacement nodesEquation 1. Frequency of a SoundResonating Air tugThe basic principle behind the cylindrical air column is that resonance waves will only be produced at a definite frequency3. The closed eat up of the column depicts the wave node and the open end is the antinode. If the frequency of the column is equal to the frequency of the tuning sort out, achieving resonance, the intensity of the sound is increased. so, if the frequency of the tuning fork is not equal to the frequency of the column, resonance will not occur and the sound will be faint2.L=distance between a menstruum and the top of the glass tubeD= Diameter of the resonance tubeEquation 2. Equation for wavelengthf= Frequency= wavelengthEquation 3. Equation for Velocity of sound in air inside the glass tubet= TemperatureEquation 4. Equation for speed of sound in air at a certain(prenominal) temperatureKundts tube apparatusKundts tube is an apparatus allows the group to calculate the speed of sound. Sound waves can travel to the tube by rubbing the admixture end which will create a squeaking sound. In that scenario, the vibration of the rod will vibrate th e disk causing it to propagate the frequency of the rod to the glass tube. Thus, the air inside the tube will move in response to the sound waves. Fine sand will take note of the air out response to the sound wave by exposing the striations done by rubbing the metal end3. The antinode, and the node were then noted. The wavelength of sound is twice the length of the rod. Equation for the speed of sound in the rod is shown in Equation5. The Equation for the theoretical speed of sound in the rod is shown in Equation 6.f= FrequencyR= Wavelength of sound in the rodEquation5. further of sound in solidY= Youngs modulus= Density of the rodEquation 6. Theoretical speed of sound in the rodIII. MethodologyThe materials used are resonance tube apparatus, two tuning forks with different frequencies, meter stick, rubber mallet, thermometer, and Kundts tube apparatus. employment 1 Resonating Air ColumnStarting with the water near the top of the resonance tube apparatus, the group had strike the t uning fork using a rubber mallet and placed it on top of the glass tube. The water level was lowered slowly until the loudest sound was heard. The water level was mark at the highest sound heard. After that, the distance between that point and the top of glass tube was measured. Also, the diameter of the resonance tube was in addition measured. The wavelength of the sound produced was calculated. devil trials have been done to determine the average wavelength. Using the average wavelength and frequency engraved, the velocity of the sound in air was computed. The temperature of air inside the glass tube was also determined without the thermometer paltry the water. The speed of sound in air was computed using the noted temperature. The percent error was computed by comparing the speed using the average wavelength and frequency and the speed calculated using the temperature inside the tube. The procedure was computed using other tuning forks.Activity 2 Speed of SoundThe vernier mic rophone was connected to Channel 1 of the interface. The position of the microphone was placed near the open end of a closed tube. The file 24 Speed of Sound in Physics was opened. As soon as the data collection begins, the fingers were snapped near the tube. From the graph in the computer screen, te time interval between the start of the first vibration and start of echo was determined. That time was noted as the time interval for the sound to travel through tube and back. The speed of sound was computed by dividing the length of the tube by one-half of the time interval obtained from the graph. The percent error was computed with the accepted value obtained in the first activity.Activity 3 Speed of Sound in SolidA thin layer of cork dust was placed uniformly in the Kundts tube. The rod was clamped at the center. The rod was rubbed with a piece of cloth with coarse powder, setting the rod into vibration producing high frequency. The wave pattern will be make in the cork dust insi de the glass tube. The displacement of the two consecutive displacement nodes has been measured and the mean distanced of the distance was calculated. The frequency of the sound was also calculated. The speed of sound in the rod and the theoretical speed of sound in the rod were also computed. Lastly, the percent error was calculated using the computed data.VI. Results and countersignThe three activities that were done in this experiment elaborating the speed of sound as it travels along a path.Activity 1 Resonating Air ColumnTemperature of air 280CDiameter of Resonance Tube= 0.0344 m control board 1A Measurements of WavelengthsTable 1A shows the frequency of the Tuning Fork and the different wavelengths of the three trials in meters. The result of the wavelength of each trials means that these are the wavelengths where the members heard the loudest sound that the Tuning Fork produced.Table 1B Calculated QuantitiesTable 1B shows the computed sightly Wavelengths in unit of meters t he Experimental and Theoretical Speeds both in unit of meters per second and their respective % errors.Activity 2 Speed of SoundTable 2 Speed of SoundTable 2 shows the Total and Average Travel Times of both trials in unit of seconds the Experimental and Theoretical Speeds that were calculated in unit of meters per second and the computed % error of 5.66%.Figure 1 essay 1Figure 2 Trial 2Figures 1 and 2 shows the differentTime Interval of trials 1 and 2, between thestart of the first vibration and the start of theecho vibration.Activity 3 Speed of Sound in SolidTable 3 Speed of Sound in SolidTable 3 shows the Average distances between node to node in meters the wavelength of sound in air in meters per second the frequency of sound in bike the length of the rod and the wavelength of sound in rod both in unit of meters, the wavelength of sound in the rod is twice the length of the rod the experimental and theoretical speeds both in meters per second and the computed % error of 15.33%. V. ConclusionThe relationship between the frequency of sound and its wavelength was verified. In conclusion, the frequency and wavelength is inversely proportional to one another. The speed of sound was successfully determined by means of a resonating air column with percent errors of 7.4% and 10.16%. The determination of velocity of sound in a solid was successful by using a vibrating rod with a percent error of 15.33%. It can therefore be concluded that the distance between node to node is equivalent to the wavelength of sound.VI. Applications1. What is the relation between frequency and wavelength of sound produced in a medium?The frequency and wavelength is inversely proportional to one another. The longer the wavelength, the shorter the frequency and vice versa.2. What is the use of water in the activity 1?The water serves as reflector of sound waves back to the open end to cause a hearing sound if the frequency of the column equals to the frequency of the tuning fork.3. In med ical practice, ultrasound in the range of 1 to 5 megahertz is being used as an imaging modality, The associated wavelength in a typical human tissue range from 0.3mm to 0.06 mm. Find the velocity of ultrasound in the tissue.4.The outer ear of a human may be thought of as closed pipe 2.7 cm long on the average. What frequency would be most violenceively detected by the ear at 30 degrees Celsius.5. Suppose that we increase the temperature of the air through which a sound wave is travelling, what effect does this have on the velocity of the wave. For a given frequency, what effect does increasing the temperature have on the wavelength of the sound wave? Explain.If the temperature increases, then the molecules are being excited. Therefore the molecules vibrate faster, causing the velocity of the wave to travel faster. Increasing the temperature corresponds to shorter sound wave.6. If you were lying on the ground, would you hear footsteps sooner or later with your ear touching the groun d or not?You would hear the footsteps sooner, because sound travels faster in a solid medium than in air.References1Pitch and frequency. (n.d.). Retrieved May 9, 2014, from Physicsclassroom http//www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-2/Pitch-and-Frequency2Resonant air column. (n.d.). Retrieved May 9, 2014, 2014, from hartnell http//www.hartnell.edu/physics/labs/4c/2resonantaircolumn.pdf3 Speed Of Sound In Thin Metal Rods And Young Modulus. (n.d.). Retrieved May 9, 2014, from dsu.nodak http//www2.dsu.nodak.edu/users/edkluk/public_html/nslab/ls_sv_ym.html